Exam 1

Question 1

Define veracity.

Answer 1

duty to always be truthful

Question 2

What are the 2 reasons restraints can be used?

Answer 2

1. behavior is out of control
2. immediate risk to physical safety and psychological well-being of self and others

Question 3

What is the difference between adapative and maladaptive coping strategies?

Answer 3

– adaptive: protect the individual from harm and restore physical and psychological equilibrium

– maladaptive: when the conflict experienced goes unresolved or intensifies

Question 4

Describe denial as a defense mechanism.

Answer 4

non-acceptance of a feeling/situation

Question 5

Describe dissociation as a defense mechanism.

Answer 5

separating a mental or behavior process from the rest of the person’s consciousness or identity

Question 6

Describe projection as a defense mechanism.

Answer 6

attributing one’s thoughts or impulses to another person; blaming others

Question 7

Describe regression as a defense mechanism.

Answer 7

retreating to an earlier level of development

Question 8

Describe splitting as a defense mechanism.

Answer 8

all good or all bad

Question 9

Describe fixation as a defense mechanism.

Answer 9

failure to move on to the next level of development

Question 10

Describe rationalization as a defense mechanism.

Answer 10

using a socially acceptable excuse or logical reason for unacceptable behavior or feelings

Question 11

Describe reaction formation as a defense mechanism.

Answer 11

covering up unacceptable thoughts or behaviors by exaggerating the opposite thought or behavior

Question 12

Describe repression as a defense mechanism.

Answer 12

involuntary blocking

Question 13

Describe suppression as a defense mechanism.

Answer 13

voluntary blocking

Question 14

Describe isolation/intellectualization as a defense mechanism.

Answer 14

overwhelming feelings that lead to isolation

Question 15

Describe assertiveness as a defense mechanism.

Answer 15

respectfully expressing your thoughts and needs

Question 16

Describe compensation as a defense mechanism.

Answer 16

covering up a weakness by emphasizing a trait that one considers desirable

Question 17

Describe sublimation as a defense mechanism.

Answer 17

rechanneling impulses that are socially unacceptable to constructive activities

Question 18

What are the 2 symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Answer 18

1. anxiety
2. avoidance

Question 19

What are somatic symptom disorders?

Answer 19

when physical symptoms emerge for which that there is no evident organic pathology

Question 20

What are dissociative disorders?

Answer 20

disruption in usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment

Question 21

What are the 5 stages of grief in order?

Answer 21

1. denial
2. anger
3. bargaining
4. depression
5. acceptance

Question 22

What is anticipatory grief?

Answer 22

experiencing grief before the loss actually occurs

Question 23

What often lengthens the grieving process?

Answer 23

guilt

Question 24

What may shorten the grieving process?

Answer 24

anticipatory grieving

Question 25

What occurs when a person experiences maladaptive grief responses?

Answer 25

* unable to progress through stages of grief * individual becomes fixed in denial or anger stage of grief

Question 26

What are the 3 types of grief responses that are pathological?

Answer 26

1. **prolonged:** preoccupation with memories of the loss entity many years after 2. **delayed/inhibited:** fixed in the denial stage 3. **distorted:** fixed in the anger stage; may culminate in pathological depression

Question 27

For which demographic is suicide the 2nd leading cause of death?

Answer 27

young Americans aged 10 - 34

Question 28

What is a huge risk factor for suicide attempt?

Answer 28

hx of previous suicide attempt

Question 29

Describe how gender affects the risks factors for suicide?

Answer 29

* women attempt suicide more often * men complete suicide more often * men use more lethal means * transgender are at higher risk

Question 30

Summarize important risk factors for suicide with the mnemonic IS PATH WARM.

Answer 30

* ideation * substance abuse * purposelessness * anxiety * trapped * hopelessness * withdrawal * anger/change in behavior * recklessness * mood changes

Question 31

Differentiate between transference and countertransference.

Answer 31

-- **transference:** pt unconsciously displaces feelings formed toward a person from the past onto the nurse -- **countertransference:** nurse unconsciously displaces feelings formed toward a person from the past onto the pt

Question 32

Between delirium, dementia, and depression, which has an acute or insidious onset?

Answer 32

* delirium = acute * dementia = insidious * depression = acute or insidious

Question 33

Describe the course of development for delirium, dementia, and depression.

Answer 33

* delirium = fluctuating -- periods of improvement and worsening * dementia = progressive -- gradual worsening * depression = may be chronic

Question 34

Describe duration of delirium, dementia, and depression.

Answer 34

* delirium = hours to weeks * dementia = months to years * depression = months to years

Question 35

Describe the level of consciousness for delirium, dementia, and depression.

Answer 35

* delirium = altered * dementia = usually clear * depression = clear

Question 36

Between delirium, dementia, and depression, which condition is irreversible?

Answer 36

dementia