exam 1 Flashcards
(48 cards)
what is spinal facilitation?
the influence of somatic dysfunction on the spinal cord.
SD can irritate the spinal cord due to the nervous system connections and contribute to allostasis and allostatic load.
treating SD reduces spinal facilitation and helps restore homeostasis
what is somatic dysfunction?
Somatic dysfunction: impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system: skeletal, arthrodial, and myofascial structure, and their related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements.
how does somatic dysfunction happen?
initial insult –>allostasis —>allostatic load –>HPA axis —> somatic dysfunction
direct OMT
the SD is moved towards a restrictive barrier
indirect OMT
SD moved away from a restrictive barrier towards direction of ease
primary SD
the most obvious of SD to appear during the evaluation and maintains dysfunction in surrounding structures
– Total pattern of dysfunction. Also names key lesion
what is secondary SD
arises from mechanical or neurophysiological
response in an attempt to compensate or adapt to the primary dysfunction
what are the 4 tenets of OMM
- The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit
- The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, and health
maintenance - Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
- Rational treatment is based upon an understanding of the basic principles of body unit, self-regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function
what is the order of treatment in lymphatics?
a. Open myofascial pathways at central transition areas of the body first then peripheral
b. Maximize normal diaphragmatic motions
c. Increase pressure differentials or induce motion in order to pump or
otherwise augment fluid flow beyond normal levels
d. Mobilize targets tissue fluids into the lymphatico-venous system from distal to central
why is the order of treatment in lymphatics important?
because you want to first remove the restriction and then augment flow
indications for lymphatic techniques
edema, tissue congestion, or lymphatic stasis/ infection/ inflammation
contra-indicatons to lymphatic techniques
Contraindications-aboslute: aneuresis if not on dialysis/ necrotizing fasciitis (in area involved)/ lack of patient consent and/or cooperation
Contraindications-relative: cancer, osseous fracture, bacterial infection, diseased organ, circulatory disorders, CHF, COPD, asthma, acute herniated nucleus pulposes
what is postural decomposition?
Occurs when an individual’s functional homeostatic mechanisms are overwhelmed or when the degre of pathological change becomes structurally incapable of resisting gravitational force
- increased energy demand, pain, structural change
- intrinsic and extrinsic contributions
what is center of gravity
A theoretical point representing the weight center of the body for a given posture; the point about which the body balances in every direction moment to moment
biomechanics model and how it is applied
views patient from structural or mechanical perspective. primarily post and motion considerations. muscles, joints and connective tissue
-OMT- spinal relations and postural muscle balance
respiratory circulatory model and how it is applied
- control of blood, lymph and CSF through diaphragms
- OMT addresses dysfunction in respiratory mechanics, circulation, and flow of fluids within the body (treating thoracic cage and diaphragms of the body is crucial)
neurological model and how it is applied
- Describes how the body controls and protects itself and perceives the world around it (ANS [sym and parasym] and PNS [efferent and afferent])
- OMT addresses mechanical stress/pressure on nerves and balancing autonomic tone
1. Reduction of mechanical stresses, balance of neural inputs, elimination of nociceptive drive
metabolic-energy model and how it is applied
Describes how the body handles nutrients, regulates endocrine function and balance energy
i. OMT maximizes the ability to respond and adapt to
- *stressors
1. Addresses SD that contributes to dysregulation of energy and allostatic load/ remove unnecessary energy expenditure**
behavioral model and how it is applied
i. Describes how the psyche (mental, emotional, and spiritual) can effect the result of the body
OMT addresses mind-body-spirit
- Patient care should include compassion, patient education, and the role of stress
- Improve body’s ability to effectively manage, compensate, or adapt to stressors
intrinsic lymphatic pump
when lymph enters segment of the vessel the walls distend causing SM in the wall of the vessel to contract
the same is true in smaller vessels which possess contractile fibers
valves allow fluid to move in only one direction OMT can release fascial restrictions which compress the vessels and deter filling
conditions of high venous pressure- increased capillary permeability, altered osmotic pressure gradients, decreased osmotic pressure gradients across capillaries, scarring or destruction of lymph tissue (nodes)
extrinsic lymphatic pump
– pulsation of arteries which are adjacent to the lymph vessels
a. contraction of surrounding muscles of the body
b. movements of the internal organs such as peristalsis OMT can be performed as an extrinsic pump
c. somatic dysfunction -postural imbalance , sedentary lifestyle
Describe the role of OMT in the promotion of lymphatic circulation through optimizing respiratory/circulatory function
a. Promotion of lymphatic circulation through optimizing respiratory/circulatory function
i. The motion of the diaphragms and their surrounding and supporting structures during inhalation and exhalation maintain this pressure differential and augment fluid flow – SD reduces diaphragmatic motion, and reduces venous and lymphatic return to the heart
b. Performance of techniques to remove impediments to, and directly stimulate, lymphatic flow
vaccination in patients who got OMM
the thoracic pump increased the B and T cell activation
movement/plane/axis
Rotation happens in transverse plane in the vertical axis RTV
Side bending happens in coronal plane in the anteroposterior axis SCAP
Flexion/extension happens in Sagittarius plane in the transverse axis FEST
