Exam 1

Question 1

How many Kingdoms are there? What are they?

Answer 1

Monera 
Plant
Animal
Fungi
Protists

Question 2

What kingdom is prokaryote

Answer 2

Monera

Question 3

What are Archaea

Answer 3

A new group of protists

Question 4

How to tell apart the kingdoms

Answer 4

Cell structure
Biochemistry
Mode of Nutrition

Question 5

Plants cell wall

Answer 5

Cellulose

Question 6

Fungis cell wall

Answer 6

Chitin

Question 7

How do Fungi eat food

Answer 7

Extra cellular absorption

Question 8

Prokaryotes were separated bacteria and Archean based on

Answer 8

Biochemical differences

Question 9

Species name

Answer 9

Genus “made up”

Question 10

Why is present day classification not perfect

Answer 10

Protists are so diverse
Characterization of bacterial species is complicated because of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria
Virus are not included (because they can’t reproduce)

Question 11

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer 11

The movement of gene transfer between organisms (not vertical reproduction)

Question 12

Where do Archaea live

Answer 12

In extreme environments

Question 13

Earths biodiversity

Answer 13

Bacteria

Question 14

Phylogeny

Answer 14

Evolutionary history of organisms
Common ancestors they share
The points of which they diverged

Question 15

Nodes

Answer 15

The common ancestor points at which species diverge

Question 16

How do you construct evolutionarily trees

Answer 16

Morphology
Behavior
Molecular(DNA, RNA protein)

Question 17

Mircobes

Answer 17

Refers to any one of many different types of organisms too small to see without magnification

Question 18

What can live and eat almost anything

Answer 18

Microbes

Question 19

Ratio for microbial to human cells

Answer 19

1:13:1

Question 20

What does bacteria do?

Answer 20

Maintain weight
Improve immunity
Improve baby’s health (starts at birth)


Question 21

Microbial genes ratio

Answer 21

100 to 1

Question 22

Do families have common microbial biomes

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

What’s adults first line of defense to viruses

Answer 23

Microbial they make their own antibodies

Question 24

Bacteria’s Cell Wall

Answer 24

Provides protection

Question 25

Capsule

Answer 25

A sticky layer of polysaccharide or protein On the outside of cell wall Helps to stick to others

Question 26

Flagella

Answer 26

Tail like, helps move around

Question 27

Pili

Answer 27

Helps sticks to surfaces as well for transfer of genetic material

Question 28

Ribosomes

Answer 28

Helps makes proteins

Question 29

Does bacteria have a nucleus

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Plasmids

Answer 30

Break down specific material Metabolic plasmids Resist antibiotics Resistance plasmids Controls the infection rates Virulent plasmids

Question 31

Cocci

Answer 31

Spherical Bacteria

Question 32

Bacilli

Answer 32

Rod-Shaped Bacteria

Question 33

Spirilli

Answer 33

Spiral-Shaped Bacteria

Question 34

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Answer 34

Purple | No outer peptidoglycan

Question 35

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Answer 35

``` Pink outer peptidoglycan (prevents stain) ```

Question 36

What is the point of gram staining?

Answer 36

Antibodies, if gram-positive then easier to kill because there is no protective layer

Question 37

Binary Fission

Answer 37

asexual reproduction | how bacteria reproduce

Question 38

Conjugation

Answer 38

Horizontal Gene Transfer | - forms a bridge

Question 39

Transduction

Answer 39

A virus that passes new genes to its host

Question 40

transformation

Answer 40

Where the bacteria takes new genes from its surroundings, usually died bacteria