Exam 1

Question 1

What is organic chemistry

Answer 1

chemistry of compounds that contain the element carbon

Question 2

what is the primary reason to study carbon compounds?

Answer 2

carbon compounds are central to the structure of living organisms and therefore to the existence of life on earth.

Question 3

order these from most complex to least… (atoms, compounds, elements.

Answer 3

compounds -> elements -> atoms

Question 4

Where does most of the mass of an atom come from?

Answer 4

mass of the nucleus that is build of protons and neutrons

Question 5

what is the atomic number equal to

Answer 5

the number of protons in the nucleus and the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

the same elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons which also changes the mass

Question 7

deuterium atoms

Answer 7

hydrogen atoms have one neutron

Question 8

tritium atoms

Answer 8

unstable hydrogen that has two neutrons

Question 9

outermost shell

Answer 9

valance shell

Question 10

what is the valence electron used for

Answer 10

making chemical bonds with other atoms to form compounds

Question 11

how many valence electrons in IVA group

Answer 11

four electrons

Question 12

how many electrons in VIA group

Answer 12

six valence electrons

Question 13

how many valence electrons in VIIA

Answer 13

seven electrons

Question 14

Ionic bonds

Answer 14

• transfer of one or more electrons

- attractive force between oppositely charged ions

Question 15

what is tendency for an atom to achieve a configuration where its valence shell contains eight electrons

Answer 15

octet rule

Question 16

ions

Answer 16

charged particles that are formed when atoms loose and gain electrons

Question 17

Measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons

Answer 17

Electronegativity

Question 18

How does electronegativity increase of the periodic table

Answer 18

increases horizontally and diagonally from left to right

Question 19

what are substance that are high melting solids and those who conduct an electric current in play solvents (water)

Answer 19

Ionic substances

Question 20

Another word fro ionic compounds

Answer 20

Salts

Question 21

sharing of electrons between atoms of similar electronegativities to achieve the configuration of a noble gas

Answer 21

covalent bonds

Question 22

composed of atoms joined exclusively or predominantly by covalent bonds

Answer 22

molecules

Question 23

what is the equation for formal charge

Answer 23

formal charge= number of valence electrons - (1/2*number of shared electrons)- unshared electrons
OR
Formal Charge = number of valence electrons - number of bonds- unshared electrons

Question 24

same molecular formula but different structures

Answer 24

Isomers

Question 25

same molecular formula but differ in the sequence in which their atoms are bonded

Answer 25

constitutional isomers

Question 26

what does each bend in a line represent in a skeletal structure

Answer 26

represents a carbon atoms

Question 27

what principle states that we can't simultaneously know the position and momentum of an electron

Answer 27

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Question 28

bonding molecular orbital

Answer 28

results when two orbitals of the same phase overlap

Question 29

has a circularly symmetrical orbital cross sections when viewed along the bond between two atoms

Answer 29

sigma bond

Question 30

All single bonds are sigma bonds (T/F)

Answer 30

T

Question 31

region of space where the probability of finding an electron is high

Answer 31

orbital

Question 32

What does the VSEPR model help with?

Answer 32

predict the arrangement of atoms in molecules and ions