Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NSG 100 Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical Judgement

A

Interpretation that influences actions in a clinical practice (patient’s needs, concerns, health problems, and decision to take action, modify approach, or improvise new plan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clinical Reasoning

A

Thinking process by which you reach a clinical judgement (Noticing, Interpreting, Responding, Reasoning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Interpretation of what a patient needs and use appropriate approach
Experience, Commitment, Active Curiosity, “Why?” “How?”
Non linear process of collecting, interpreting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Decision making

A

use of algorithms, decision trees, patient care guidelines, and standards of care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Standard based approach

A

Clear cut guidance, best practice=best treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Evidence based practice

A

Problem solving approach to clinical decision making (combines best scientific evidence with best patient/nurse evidence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clinical judgement equals?

A

Safe implementation of EDP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nursing Process

A

Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Outcomes, Identification, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation (decision making)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Interpretivist Approaches

A

What nurse personally contributes to care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 Attributes of Clinical Judgement

A
  1. Hollistic View
  2. Process Orientation
  3. Reasoning and Interpretations
  4. Ethical Comportment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tanner’s Model of Clinical Judgement

A

(No Idiot Rules Red)
Noticing
Interpreting
Responding
Reflecting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reflection-In-Action

A

Nurse’s understanding of patients response to actions within care
Real time thinking
Example: Patient’s response to medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Reflection-on-action

A

Consideration of situation after patient care
Significant learning from practice
Example: “What was successful what was unsuccessful?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nursing Process

A

Systematic method of critical thinking to develop individualized plans of care and provide care for patients (organized and methodica)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

5 Steps of Nursing Process

A

ADPIE
Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does Clinical Judgement require?

A

Knowledge, ability to recognize and identify patient needs, nursing diagnosis, evidence-based practice (EBP), and skill to evaluate patient responses to interventiond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Critical thinking (complex thinking process)

A

Clarity - allows nurses to collect essential patient data
Increase Precision - articulate specific needs
Recognize Relevance - realistic patient goals
Fair & Consistent - Customized Interventions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Characteristics of Nursing Process

A

Analytical - “Is data collection accurate?”
Dynamic - Changes in response to patient’s needs
Organized - Standard method for all patients
Outcome Oriented - Care plans made specifically to a patient
Collaborative - Involvement of various healthcare professionals
Adaptable - Plan of care for individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Assessment

A

Data gathered through observation/interview, physical assessment and cues are recognized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Diagnosis

A

Data and cues analyzed, validated, and clustered to identify problems and patient needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Planning

A

Prioritize hypothesis and nursing diagnosis
Identify short and long term goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Implementation

A

Taking action by initiating specific nursing intervention and treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Evaluation

A

Determine whether or not goals and outcomes were met and plan of care status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Types of physical assessment

A

Comprehensive
Focused
Emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Comprehensive Physical Assessment

A

Thorough interview - health history, review of systems, laboratory and diagnostic tests, physical head to toe assessment (evaluate cranial nerves and sensory organs)

Happens during hospital admission/ annual physical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Focused Physical Assessment

A

Brief individualized physical assessment
Happens when signs indicate a change in patient condition or complication
- Pain level, pulse oximetry reading, vital signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Emergency Physical Assessment

A

Time is a factor, treatment must begin immediately
Quick survey -> narrow focused assessment (signs, symptoms, injuries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Primary Data

A

Directly from patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Secondary Data

A

Information shared by family members, friends, or other health care team

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Subjective Data

A

What the patient is feeling
Spoken information or symptoms (difficult to validate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Objective Data

A

Signs that can be measured or observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Asepsis

A

Free from disease and prevention of disease-causing contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Infection

A

Establishment of a pathogen in a susceptible host
A disease state caused by infectious agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Body natural barriers/defenses

A

Skin
Mucous membranes
Respiratory tract
GI/GU Tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the 4 main defenses?

A

Natural Barrier
Normal Flora
Inflammatory Response
Immune Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Normal flora

A

Group of microorganisms that live on body but do not cause disease
Found on skin, eyes, nose, mouth, GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Inflammatory Response

A

Directs immune system components to injury
Local response to cellular injury or infection
Produces: redness, heat, pain, swelling, increased blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Immune Response

A

Body’s attempt to protect itself form foreign substances.
Initiated by recognition of ANTIGENS.
Recognizes and destroys substances that contain foreign antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Antigen

A

Any substance that provokes an adaptive immune repsonse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Chain of infection

A

Infectious agent
Source of infection
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Pathogen

A

Infectious agent that causes disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Bacteria

A

Single celled. Live on normal flora. Most common and prevalent in hospital settings. Most commonly cause infection
Example: Strep throat, TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Viruses

A

Smallest of all microorganism. Nucleic acid must enter living cells to reproduce
Example: Common cold and AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Fungi

A

Plant-like organisms present in air, soil, and water
Example: Ringworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Parasites

A

Live on other organisms
Example: Worms and ticks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Types of Infection

A

Colonization
Localized Infection
Systemic Infection
Acute Infection
Chronic Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Colonization

A

Microorganisms grow/multiply but do NOT cause disease
Example: S.aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Localized Infection

A

Most common in skin or mucous membrane breakdown (surgical wounds, oral lesions, abscesses)
Example: Redness, warmth, swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Systemic Infection

A

Fever, fatigue, malaise
In bloodstream (tachycardia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Acute Infection

A

Sudden for a short period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Chronic Infection

A

Slow can last years

52
Q

Infectious/Etiological agent

A

Virulence, invasiveness, pathogenicity

53
Q

Break the Chain

A

Control or eliminate infectious agent
Example: Clean, disinfect, and sterilize

54
Q

Reservoir

A

Natural habitat of organism (where they thrive and reproduce)
Break the chain: Control or eliminate reservoir

55
Q

Portal of exit

A

Point of escape for organism
Break the chain: Control portal, hand hygiene, gloves, cover nose/mouth

56
Q

Means of transmission

A

Direct contact: from reservoir to host
Indirect contact:
- vehicle (transport like water, food, blood)
- vector (insects)
- airborne (germs aerosolized)
Break the chain: Standard precautions/Transmission based precautions

57
Q

Portal of entry

A

Point where organisms enter a new host (through broken skin or respiratory tract)
Break the chain: Control portal (mask)

58
Q

Susceptible host

A

Individual at risk for infection (very young, very old, chronic disease, nutrition, stress)
Break the chain: Protect host

59
Q

Stages of infection

A

Incubation period
Prodromal stage
Full stage of illness
Convalescent period

60
Q

Incubation period

A

organisms growing and multiplying (can take hours or years)

61
Q

Prodromal Stage

A

person is most infectious
vague and nonspecific signs of disease
Example: malaise or fatigue

62
Q

Full stage of illness

A

presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease
Example: cell lysis, fevers, chills, tachycardia

63
Q

Convalescent period

A

recovery from infection (tissue repaired)

64
Q

Health Care-Associated Infection (HAIS)

A

infections that patient get while receiving treatment for medical conditions

65
Q

HAI Risk Factors

A

Medical procedures and antibiotic use
Organizational factors
Patient characteristics

66
Q

Common types of HAI

A

CAUTI - catheter-associated urinary tract infection
SSI - surgical site infection
CLABSI - central line-associated blood stream infection
VAP- ventilator-associated pneumonia

67
Q

HAI Exemplars

A

MRSA - methicillin-resistant S. aureus
CAUTI - catheter-associated urinary tract infection
C.diff - Clostridioides difficile

68
Q

MRSA

A

cause of staph infection that is difficult to treat because of antibiotic resistance
transmitted by direct physical contact
can cause severe problems in: bloodstream, pneumonia, SSI, and daycares

69
Q

CDC Guidelines for Proper Catheter Use

A
  • Limit catheter use
  • Minimal duration use
  • Avoid placing in nursing home residents
  • Consider alternatives
  • Provide catheter care
  • Changed as needed
70
Q

C.diff

A

bacterium that causes diarrhea and colitis (colon inflammation)
risk factors
- after taking antibiotics
- 65 or older
- recent hospitalization
- weak immune system
- previous C.diff infection

71
Q

CDC Recommendation to prevent C.diff infection

A
  • prescribe antibiotics cautiously
  • use contact precaution (private room)
  • use of gowns and gloves
  • effective hand hygiene
  • disposable equipment
  • clean with bleach or disinfectant
72
Q

Priority Setting Framework Purpose

A

“Which client should I see first?”
“What is most important assessment finding?”
“Which interventions should I do now, which can I do later?”
“Which situation poses a risk to client safety?”

73
Q

Priority Setting Framework

A
  • Nursing Process
  • ABC’s
  • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
  • Urgency Factor Model
  • Triage
74
Q

ABC

A

Assess and prioritize threats to airway, breathing, and circulation

75
Q

Airway

A

A patent airway so oxygen will have a pathway into the lungs for gas exchange and for carbon dioxide to be expelled from body

76
Q

Breathing

A

Effective breathing pattern and respiratory effort to take in enough oxygen to meet cellular demands for oxygen throughout the body

77
Q

Circulation

A

Effective circulatory system to deliver oxygen throughout the body and exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen throughout the pulmonary circulatory network

78
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A
  • Self-actualization
  • Esteem
  • Love/belonging
  • Safety
  • Physiological
79
Q

Self-actualization

A

Morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts

80
Q

Esteem

A

Self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others

81
Q

Love/Belonging

A

Friendship, family, sexual intimacy

82
Q

Safety

A

Security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of the family, of health, of property

83
Q

Physiological

A

Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion

84
Q

Low priority

A

Problems can typically be resolved easily with minimal interventions

85
Q

Medium priority

A

Problems that may have unhealthy physical or emotional consequences
Not life-threatening

86
Q

High Priority

A

Life-threatening problems
ABC problems
Conditions that have potential to become life threatening in short term

87
Q

Urgency Factor Model

A

Time priority
Deadlines for completion of nursing interventions
Essential activities not preformed may result in negative consequences for patients

88
Q

Urgency Levels

A

Non-acute
Acute
Critical

89
Q

Non-acute

A

Low urgency factor
Delay would not negatively affect patient outcomes

90
Q

Acute

A

Medium priority
Low potential for patient’s condition to become life threatening if interventions not completed in short time
Interventions can be schedules when time constraints of higher-priority interventions allow

91
Q

Critical

A

Medium-high urgency
Urgent need to respond to physical or psychologic problems in short amount of time
Potential for patient’s condition to become life-threatening if interventions delayed
Quick recognition, rapid response required to prevent worsening or problem

92
Q

Imminent death

A

Highest urgency
Action takes priority over everything else
Nurse must act immediately to prevent further deterioration
Threat to life

93
Q

Triage

A
  • Emergent (immediate)
  • Urgent
  • Nonurgent
94
Q

Emergent (immediate)

A

Life-threatening issues that require prompt treatment care
Stabilization of patient’s condition is critical

95
Q

Urgent (delayed)

A

Serious conditions in which delay would not result in life-threatening conditions

96
Q

Nonurgent

A

Patients who have minor issues not requiring prompt care
Often patient can ambulate and is stable

97
Q

Assessment

A

deliberate and systemic collection of data about a client’s health status to identify concerns and needs that can be managed by nursing care

98
Q

Assessment includes:

A
  • Physiological
  • Psychological
  • Sociocultural
  • Spiritual
  • Economic
  • Lifestyle factors
99
Q

Nursing Diagnosis: Taxonomy

A
  • NANDA-I
  • Omaha System
  • Saba System
100
Q

Three-part format (PES system)

A
  • Nursing diagnosis (diagnostic label)
  • “Related to” (related factor)
  • Defining characteristics (“as evidenced by”)
101
Q

3 elements of comprehensive planning

A
  • Initial (nurse who preforms history & physical assess.)
  • Ongoing (keeping plan of care up to date)
  • Discharge (teaching & consoling skills)
102
Q

Goal

A

broad statement that describes that desired change in a patient’s condition or behavior an aim, intent, or end

103
Q

Expected outcome

A

Measurable criteria to evaluate goal achievement
Long-term outcomes require a longer period to be achieved and may be used as discharge goals.

104
Q

Goal & Outcomes

A
  1. Client centered
  2. Singular goal or outcome
  3. Observable
  4. Measurable
  5. Time limited
  6. Mutual
  7. Realistic
105
Q

SMART

A

S - Single specific action
M - Measurable
A - Attainable (Achievable)
R - Relevant
T - Time limited

106
Q

Types of Interventions

A
  • Nurse initiated
  • Physician initiated
  • Collaborative
107
Q

Nurse-initiated Intervention

A

Independent: Actions that a nurse initiates

108
Q

Physician initiated

A

Dependent: require an order from a physician or other health care professional -> carried out by a nurse

109
Q

Collaborative

A

Interdependent- require combined knowledge, skill, and expertise of multiple health care professionals

110
Q

Direct care

A

Treatments preformed through interactions with patients
Example: Medication administration, Inserting IV

111
Q

Indirect Care

A

Treatment preformed away from the patient but on behalf of the patient
Example: Managing patient environment, Documentation

112
Q

Isolation Precautions

A

Universal/Standard Precautions
Transmission-based Precautions

113
Q

Isolation Practices

A

Disposal of soiled equipment and supplies
Disinfection sterilization
Patient transport

114
Q

Universal Precautions

A
  • Hand hygiene
  • PPE
  • Cough etiquette
  • Clean and disinfect
115
Q

Transmission based Precautions

A

Contact
Airborne
Droplet

116
Q

Contact precaution

A
  • Private room
  • PPE
  • Contain infected area
  • Disposable PPE
  • Clean and disinfect
117
Q

Droplet Precaution

A
  • Private room
  • Don mask upon entry
  • Cough etiquette
118
Q

Airborne Precaution

A
  • Airborne infection isolation room (AIRR)
  • PPE (NIOSH approved N95)

Example: tuberculosis, measles, chickenpox

119
Q

Disinfectant

A

Used on inanimate objects
Example: Chlorine

120
Q

Antiseptic

A

used on skin, tissue
example: isopropyl

121
Q

Bactericidal agent

A

destroys bacteria

122
Q

Bacteriostatic agent

A

prevents growth

123
Q

White blood cell count

A

Normal is 5,000 to 10,000 mm3

124
Q

Collaborative Therapies

A

Collecting specimen for lab testing
Retrieving lab results
Administering medications

125
Q

Pharmacologic Therapy

A

Provider looks for anti-infective agent that:
- is effective
- little toxicity
- can be administered conveniently
- cost effective

126
Q

Nonpharmacologic Therapy

A
  • Elevating affected area
  • Rest
  • Hydration
  • Sterile saline dressings on wounds
  • Cold/warm compress

NSG 100 Exam 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions