Exam 1

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

“father” of modern psychology
objectively measure consciousness - introspection

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

Breaks down consciousness into small/basic elements (ex; emotions, images, sensations)

Question 3

William James

Answer 3

influenced by Darwinism - how is this adaptive?
1st American psychologist
modify and narrow structuralism
functionalism

Question 4

Functionalism

Answer 4

show mental processes, behaviors, etc… help an individual to adapt
mind as a whole rather than parts

Question 5

Sigmund Freud

Answer 5

“father” of professional psychology
treating mental health problems (then called neurosis)
First to study the unconscious
psychoanalytic approach

Question 6

Psychoanalysis

Answer 6

tapping into unconscious to expose early childhood experiences, trauma, true desires, etc.
everything repressed and pushed down
therapy process developed

Question 7

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 7

emphasis on whole rather than parts
seeing the big pic
Patterns that underlie everyday experience

Question 8

Behaviorism

Answer 8

emphasis on observing and controlling behavior
how can we shape behavior?

Question 9

classical conditioning

Answer 9

learned reflexive response

Question 10

John Watson

Answer 10

“father” of behaviorism
interested in directly observable behavior and manipulation of behavior
environment > genetics
fears are learned

Question 11

B.F. Skinner

Answer 11

introduced principle of consequences to modify behavior
punishment - reinforcement/reward

Question 12

Humanism

Answer 12

Emphasis on conscious, immediate experiences
free will
research typically qualitative

Question 13

Abraham Maslow

Answer 13

Emphasized positive aspect of human nature

Question 14

Carl Rogers

Answer 14

psychotherapeutic approach - client centered therapy…
3 main factors
- Unconditional positive regard (nice)
- Genuineness (honest)
- Empathy (sympathetic)

Question 15

Cognitivism

Answer 15

Refocus on the mind, consciousness, thinking, mental functioning
HOW we think

Question 16

Naomi Weissten

Answer 16

Pursues study of psychology free of male cultural bias

Question 17

Crawford & Marecek (1989)

Answer 17

Study of gender differences
Examination of male bias

Question 18

Mamie & Kenneth Clark

Answer 18

Conduct famous “doll study” that showed internalization of white bias & harms of segregation
impacted legal system
testimony in Brown v Board of Edu

Question 19

Biopsychology

Answer 19

Mental processes can be explained by interaction between biological factors (ex; genes, hormones)

Question 20

Behavioral genetics

Answer 20

relationship between certain genes and mental processes and behaviors

Question 21

adopted twin studies

Answer 21

Regardless of how they were raised, they both grew up to have certain bahvior
nature v nurture

Question 22

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 22

Study of the biological causes of behavior
human behavior is a result of psychological adaptations that help people successfully function and survive
How can this behavior help us reproduce?
evolutionary reason for behavior

Question 23

Sensation

Answer 23

reception of a stimuli

Question 24

perception

Answer 24

interpreting the stimuli

Question 25

Cognitive psychology

Answer 25

Thoughts and mental processes How the brain works too broad/abstract

Question 26

developmental psychology

Answer 26

study of development across the lifespan changes over time How things work at different stages in life

Question 27

Personality psychology

Answer 27

what makes a person unique defining personality based on where a person falls on each traits’ scale

Question 28

Big 5 Traits (personality psychology)

Answer 28

1. openness 2. conscientiousness 3. extroversion 4. agreeableness 5. neuroticism

Question 29

Sociocultural psychology

Answer 29

social and cultural psychology Authority/obedience influence Historical implications - holocaust

Question 30

Social psychology

Answer 30

study of groups, relationships, & social influences on behavior

Question 31

Cultural psychology

Answer 31

study of cultural values and norms, & standards of behavior

Question 32

Industrial-Organizational psychology

Answer 32

Application of psychological theories, principles, and research to professional/work place settings

Question 33

clinical psychology

Answer 33

Diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders Counseling psychology

Question 34

Counseling psychology

Answer 34

emphasis on emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes less on mental disorders

Question 35

forensic psychology

Answer 35

justice system - Assess competency - Assess the state of mind (insanity) - Act as consultants - Act as expert witness

Question 36

psychodynamic

Answer 36

development of a sense of self/discovery of unknown motivations behind a person’s behavior attachment theory

Question 37

behaviorism

Answer 37

How to manipulate voluntary behavior by changing the consequences of behavior influenced by BF Skinner