Exam 1 Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
anatomical position
A
universally accepted standard position that scientists and medical professionals use to communicate information concerning parts of the body
shows body erect and facing foward the arms are stright and at the sides of the bdoy, with palms facing foward; and the feet slightly apart, with the toes pointing forward
2
Q
anterior
A
toward the front
3
Q
posterior (dorsal)
A
toward the back
4
Q
superior (cranial)
A
toward the head
5
Q
inferior (caudal)
A
toward the tail
6
Q
proximal
A
closer to the point of origin (generally the trunk)
7
Q
distal
A
farther away from the point of origin (generally the trunk)
8
Q
medial
A
closer to the midline of the body or a body part; on the inner side of
9
Q
lateral
A
farther away from the midline of the body or a body part; on the outerside of
10
Q
superficial
A
closer to the surface
11
Q
deep
A
farther below the surface
12
Q
the palms are on the ______ side
A
anterior
13
Q
the esophagus is _____ to the spinal cord
A
anterior
14
Q
the occipital bone is on the ______ cranium (skull)
A
posterior
15
Q
the spinal cord is ______ to the esophagus
A
posterior
16
Q
the nose is _______ to the mouth
A
superior
17
Q
the neck is _____ to the chest
A
superior
18
Q
the nose is ______ to the forehead
A
inferior
19
Q
the umbilicus (belly button) is ______ to the chest
A
inferior
20
Q
the knee is ____ to the forehead
A
proximal
21
Q
the shoulder is ______ to the elbow
A
proximal
22
Q
the foot is ______ to the hip
A
distal
23
Q
the wrist is ____ to the elbow
A
distal
24
Q
the ear is ____ to the shoulder
A
medial
25
the index finger is ______ to the thumb
medial
26
the sholder is ______ to the chest
lateral
27
the thumb is ______ to the index finger
lateral
28
the skin is ______ to the muscle
superficial
29
muscle is _____ to bone
superficial
30
bone is ____ to the skin
deep
31
bone is ___ to muscle
deep
32
head
cephalic
33
chest
thoracic
34
sternal
sternum
35
abdominal
abdomen
36
pelvic
pelvis
37
manual
hand
38
palmar
palm
39
inguinal
groin
40
pubic
pubis
41
occipital
back of the head
42
cervical
neck
43
dorsal
back of the body
44
vertebral
vertebrae/spine
45
popliteal
back of knee
46
sural
posterior surface of leg
47
pedal
foot
48
plantar
sole of foot
49
frontal
forehead
50
ocular
eye
51
nasal
nose
52
mental
chin
53
otic
ear
54
buccal
cheek
55
oral
mouth
56
axillary
armpit
57
acromial
point of shoulder
58
brachial
arm
59
antecubital
anterior surface of elbow
60
antebrachial
forearm
61
carpal
wrist
62
pollex
thumb
63
metacarpal
palms
64
digatal
fingers
65
coxal
hip
66
femoral
femur
67
patellar
patella
68
crural
anterior surface of leg
69
tarsal
ankle
70
hallux
great toe
71
metatarsal
center of foot
72
digital
toe
73
cranial cavity
houses the brain
74
vertebral cavity
houses the vertebrae/spine
75
thoracic cavity
consists of right and left pleural cavity and the mediastinum
76
mediastinum contains _______
multiple organs like the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and heart
77
the heart is enclosed by which cavity
pericardial cavity
78
parietal layer
the outer layer of the membrane
79
visceral layer
inner layer of the membarne
80
most of the organs in the ventral body are surrounded by
serous membranes
81
serous membranes
thin double layer sacks that line the organs in the ventral body cavity
82
abdinominopelvic cavity is devided into four regions called
right upper quadrent (RUQ)
left upper quadrent (LUQ)
right lower quadrent (RLQ)
left lower quadrent (RLQ)
83
9 abdominopelvic regions
top three
right hypochondriac region
epigastric region
left hypochondriac region
middle three
right lumbar region
umbillical region
left lumbar region
bottom three
right iliac region
hypogastric region
left iliac region
84
sagital plane
divides body into right a left
85
midsagital
divide body into equal right and left parts
86
parasagital
divides body into unequal right and left parts
87
frontal plane
divides body into anterior and posterior parts
88
transverse plane
divides body into superior and inferior parts
89
epithelium consists of
basement membrane and tightly packed cells
90
simple epithelia
single layer of cells
91
stratified epithelia
two or more layers of cells
92
squamous
flattened
93
cuboidal
cube-shaped
94
columnar
column shaped
95
simple squamous epithelium
single layered flat cells
provides a barrier through which gasses and fluids can be exchanged
produces serious fluid
example: air sacs of lungs, inner lining of ventral body cavities and blood vessels, kidney glomeruli
96
simple cuboidal epithelium
single layer of cube-shaped cells
absorption, secretion of mucus and other substances
examples: kidney tubules, lower respiratory passages, thyroid, salivary, and mammary glands
97
simple columnar epithelium
single layer of column like rectangular cells, ovoid, basal nuclei
absorption, secretion of mucus and other substances, propulsion of egg through uterine tube
example: digestive tract from stomach to anus, uterine tube, gallbladder
98
psuedostratified columnar epithelium
single layer of columnar cells of different heights giving a stratified appearance, contain cilia
secretes mucus and propels it with ciliary motion
examples: nasal cavity, upper respiratory passages
99
stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
multiple layers of squamous cells, contain dead and falky apical cells with keratin, cuboidal to squamous shaped basal cells
protects from mechanical stresses and microorganisms, prevents most water loss through skin
examples: epidermis
100
stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
apical cells living and very flat, cells are more cuboidal towards basal layers
protects from mechanical stresses and microorganisms
examples: mouth, pharynx, superior larynx, esophagus, vagina, anal canal
101
stratified cuboidal epithelium
two or more layers of cuboidal cells
some absorption and secretion
examples: ducts of certain glands including sweat glands and mammary glands
102
stratified columnar epithelium
two or more layers of columnar cells
protection, some absorption and secretion
examples: ducts of certain glands including salivary glands, conjunctiva, parts of male urethra
103
transitional epithlium
multiple layers of cells, apical cells are dome-shaped when relaxed and flattened when stretched
protection, gives tissues added distensibility
examples: urinary bladder, ureter, urethra
104
fibroblasts
produce protein gibers in the extracellular matrix
105
what are the 4 types of connective tissue proper
loose connective tissue
dense connective tissue (irregular, regular, elastic)
reticular connective tissue
adipose connective tissue
106
loose connective tissue consists of
fibroblasts, all three types of protein fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance plus scattered macrophages, mast cells, and fat cells
107
loose connective tissue is usually found in
walls of hollow organs and membranes lining the body cavities
108
dense connective tissue consists of
protein fibers
109
what are the three types of dense CT
regular
irregular
elastic
110
where is dense regular ct found
in tendons and ligaments and resists undirectional stress because of parallel arrangement of collagin fibers
111
dense irregular connective is found
in the deep layer of thick skin and around joints
helps resist stress from every direction because of the haphazard arrangment of collagen fibers
112
elastic connective tissue
allows stretch and recoil
113
where is elastic CT found
in large blood vessels and certain ligaments
114
reticular tissue
helps form structure of many organs and supports small structures such as blood vessels and leukocytes
found in most lymphoid organs like lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen
contains reticular fibers and leukocytes
115
adipose ct
consist primarily of adipocytes and protein fibers
functions in insulation, warmth, shock, absorption, and energy storage
found deep to the skin in the abdomen, breasts, hips, buttocks, and thighs, also surrounds heart and abdominal organs
