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Biology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What classifies living things

A

Order, Response to stimulation, reproduction, growth/development, regulating internal environment, energy processing, evolution

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2
Q

Producers

A

make their food, break it down later when they need energy

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3
Q

Consumers

A

eat producers, or other consumers, to get food chemicals

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4
Q

What domain are animals and humans in

A

Eukarya

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5
Q

Eukarya domain

A

Single cell or multicellular, includes plants, animals, and fungi

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

tentative explanation subject to testing and modification

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7
Q

Theory

A

widely accepted explanatory idea that generates new hypothesis and is supported by much evidence

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8
Q

Protons

A

positively charged

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9
Q

Neutrons

A

neutral charge

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10
Q

Electrons

A

negative charge

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11
Q

of ____ = # of ____

A

electrons, protons

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12
Q

Mass number

A

protons+neutrons

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13
Q

Atomic mass

A

number of protons

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14
Q

Chemical bond

A

attractive force that links atoms together to form molecules

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15
Q

First shell holds

A

two electrons

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16
Q

second, third shells hold

A

up to 8 electrons

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17
Q

Ionic bonds

A

atoms lose/gain electrons

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18
Q

Covalent bonds

A

atoms share electrons

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19
Q

Electrons shared unequally

A

polar covalent bond

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20
Q

Electrons shared equally

A

non polar covalent bond

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21
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

form between slightly positive hydrogen and slightly negative atom

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22
Q

Reactants convert to

A

products

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23
Q

Cohesive

A

molecules stick together

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24
Q

Solutes dissolve in

A

solvents

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25
Q

Hydrophobic molecules

A

water resistant

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26
Q

More H+ than OH-

A

Acidic

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27
Q

Less H+ then OH-

A

basic

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28
Q

0.001 and 1x10-3=

A

ph3

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29
Q

Macromolecules

A

large molecule such as protein or dna, frequently a polymer

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30
Q

Polymer

A

large molecule consisting of small subunits called monomers

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31
Q

Dehydration synthesis reactions

A

covalent bonds link monomers to form polymer

32
Q

Hydrolisis

A

polymers covalent bonds broken, separated into monomers

33
Q

Biological molecules contain

A

Carbon and hydrogen

34
Q

Carbohydrates polymer

A

polysaccharides

35
Q

Carbohydrates monomer

A

monosaccharide

36
Q

Carbs, Polysaccharides=

A

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

37
Q

Carbs function

A

quick energy source

38
Q

What stores energy

A

starch, glycogen

39
Q

Structural support=

A

cellulose, chitin

40
Q

Proteins monomers

A

amino acids

41
Q

Amino acids linker by dehydration synthesis reactions to form

A

protein

42
Q

Covalent bonds between amino acids is a

A

peptide bomd

43
Q

Denaturatio

A

protein loses structure by excessive heat

44
Q

Hydrophobic lipids

A

fats, oils, waxes

45
Q

Fats and oils do what

A

store energy

46
Q

Nuclei acids monomers

A

nucleotide

47
Q

Nucleic acids example

A

dna and rna

48
Q

Which zooms in more light microscope or electron microscope

A

electron microscope

49
Q

Prokaryotic

A

small, less complicated cell(bacteria and archaea domains)

50
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

larger, more complex(plants, animals cells)

51
Q

Ribosomes

A

synthesize proteins by forming covalent bond between amino acids

52
Q

Rough er

A

has ribosomes that make proteins to be secreted from cell

53
Q

smooth er

A

detoxifies foreign molecules

54
Q

Proteins synthesized by ribosomes transported in

A

vesicles

55
Q

Lysosome

A

digestive organelles

56
Q

Vacuoles and vesicles

A

fluid filled sacs

57
Q

Plants water filled central vacuole supports

A

non woody parts

58
Q

Cilia, flagella

A

appendages of movement

59
Q

Hydrophilic

A

water loving

60
Q

Hydrophobic

A

water fearing

61
Q

Passive transport

A

Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

62
Q

Active transport

A

cell supplies energy, against concentrations gradient, lower solute to higher solute

63
Q

Diffusion

A

movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration

64
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water across selectively water permeable membrane

65
Q

99% water inside cell, 99% water outside of cell

A

constant cycle of water in and out of cell

66
Q

99% water inside cell, 100% water outside

A

Net movement of water into cells, cells swells, might burst

67
Q

99% water inside cell, cells are in salt water

A

Net movement of water out of cells, cells shrivels

68
Q

Energy for active transport

A

atp

69
Q

E doctors is

A

cells engulf large molecules

70
Q

Exocytosis

A

moves large molecules out of cells

71
Q

Positive charge means

A

less electrons

72
Q

Proteins

A

enzymes, hemoglobin

73
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t

A

Cell wall, Chloroplast

74
Q

Structures present in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells

A

Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplast

75
Q

Fun room of mitochondria

A

produce atp by aerobic metabolism

76
Q

Function of golgi apparatus

A

modifies and packages proteins

Biology (9 decks)

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