exam 1 Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
BUN labs test?
A
kidney function
2
Q
CO2 labs test?
A
blood bicarbonate level
3
Q
creatinine labs test
A
kidney function
4
Q
bilirubin labs test
A
liver function
5
Q
albumin labs test
A
liver function
6
Q
hypovolemia is
A
decrease in blood volume due to body fluid or blood loss
7
Q
ADH is also known as
A
vasopressin
8
Q
potassium normal range
A
3.5-5
9
Q
sodium normal
A
136-145
10
Q
calcium normal (call police)
A
9-11
11
Q
magnesium normal (magnifying glass)
A
1.5 to 2.5
12
Q
hypokalemia is critical for adult s when below
A
3
13
Q
which medication most commonly can cause hypokalemia
A
potassium-wasting diuretics
14
Q
what type of monitoring should a patient be on when being given IV potassium
A
ECG monitoring
15
Q
most common cause of hyperkalemia
A
renal failure
16
Q
hemodialysis is
A
filtering waste from blood using a machine
17
Q
medication that most commonly causes hyponatremia
A
thiazide diuretics
18
Q
medications that cause hypocalcemia
A
-stimulant laxatives
-long term glucocorticoid use
-loop diuretics
19
Q
function of PTH
A
maintain proper amount of calcium in body
20
Q
osteopenia is
A
low bone mass
21
Q
osteopenia is caused by
A
hypocalcemia
22
Q
cardio manifestations of hypocalcemia
A
chest pain
dysrhythmia
heart failure
syncope
23
Q
neuromuscular manifestations of hypocalcemia
A
-numbness/tingle in fingers, toes & around mouth
-muscle cramp
-back/LE spasms
24
Q
neurologic manifestations of hypocalcemia
A
confusion
depression
psychosis
dementia
lethargy
seizures
personality changes
25
resp manifestations of hypocalcemia
wheezing
spasms of larynx & airway
dysphagia
voice changes
26
integumentary manifestations of hypocalcemia
coarse hair
hair loss
brittle nails
dry skin
itching
27
chvostek sign
tap cheek
twitching=positive
28
trousseau sign
inflate blood pressure cuff to 20 above pts systolic BP for 3-5
hand/finger flex=positive
29
most common causes of hypercalcemia
hyperparathyroidism
cancer
30
hypercalcemia manifestations mnemonic
abdominal moans
painful bones
kidney stones
groans
neurologic overtones
31
hypotonic treats
hypernatremia
diabetic ketoacidosis
32
monitor for what when giving hypotonic
hypotension
33
dont give hypotonic to
burn pt
liver disease
increased intracranial pressure
34
type of hypotonic solution
0.45% NaCl
35
hypertonic solutions
-3% sodium chloride
-dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride (D51/2NS)
-dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride solution (D5NS)
-dextrose 5% in lactated ringers solution (D5LR)
-dextrose 10% in water (D10W)
36
3% sodium chloride treats
cerebral edema
symptomatic hyponatremia
37
D51/2NS used for
maintenance IV fluid
hypovolemia
38
monitor D51/2NS for
fluid overload
39
D5NS used to
provide electrolytes, water and calories
40
monitor D5NS for
fluid overload
41
D5LR used to
provide calories, electrolytes, and water
treat metabolic acidosis
42
D10W used for
hypoglycemia
provides calories and water
43
D10W precautions
-use central line (avoid phlebitis or thrombosis)
-infuse slowly (avoid hyperglycemia, fluid overload, pulmonary edema)
44
monitor D10W for
new onset confusion or loss of consciousness
45
hypertonic solutions are contraindicated in
cardiac or renal disease
46
isotonic solutions
0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl)
Lactated ringers (LR)
Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
47
NaCl is used for
IV fluids for vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhage and shock
48
LR are used for
burn & trauma
hypovolemia
acute blood loss
electrolyte imbalance
metabolic acidosis
49
use LR cautiously w
renal failure pt
50
D5W is used for
hypernatremia
51
D5W contraindicated in
resuscitation
early pre-op period
renal & cardiac issues
increased intracranial pressure
52
peripheral catheters range from
14-24 gauge
53
catheters become narrow as
the gauge number increases
54
CVAD are flushed with what to prevent clots
saline or low concentrated heparin
55
manifestations of phlebitis
-pain at site
-swelling
-redness
-fever
-palpable cord along vein
56
vesicants are
irritating to veins
57
pH of 0 is
strongly acidic
58
pH of 14 is
strongly alkaline
59
pH of 7 is
neutral
60
pH lower than 7 is
acidic
61
pH higher than 7 is
alkaline
62
expected pH range
7.35-7.45
63
arterial blood gas (ABG) labs test
acid base balance in body
64
PaCO2 is
partial pressure of carbon dioxide
65
HCO3- is
bicarbonate
66
PaCO2 range
35-45
67
HCO3- range
21-28
68
PaO2 range
80-100
69
O2 sat range
95-100
70
high acidity = ____ pH
low pH
71
high alkalinity = ___pH
high pH
72
acidosis is
high acid
73
alkalosis is
high alkaline
74
acidosis =
low pH
75
alkalosis =
high pH
76
high PaCO2 =
respiratory acidosis
77
low PaCO2 =
respiratory alkalosis
78
low HCO3- =
metabolic acidosis
79
high HCO3- =
metabolic alkalosis
80
metabolic = abnormal __
HCO3-
81
respiratory = abnormal __
PaCO2
82
resp acidosis causes
CNS depression
pulmonary diseases
83
resp alkalosis caused by
hyperventilation
84
diarrhea causes
metabolic acidosis
85
blood can be administered over
1-4 hrs
86
action for starting IV for pt with high bleeding risk
apply BP cuff set to 30 mm Hg to protect from bruising and bleeding
87
extravasation is
when vesicant med or fluid gets into surrounding tissue
88
circulatory overload can cause
weight gain
89
reviewing labs is what step in nursing process
evaluation
90
O+ blood types can only receive blood from
other type O blood types
91
A- blood types can give blood to
A+, A-, AB-, AB+
92
PICC lines are inserted into
large veins
93
hypoxia is
low O2
94
malignant hyperthermia is
sever rxn to meds given during anesthesia
95
tobacco use before surgery puts pt at risk of
blood clots
MI
death
infections
slow wound healing
96
PACU stands for
post anesthesia care unit
97
atelectasis is
collapse of lung during expansion
98
dehiscence is
wound opens up
99
treatment for dehiscence
antibiotics
frequent dressing changes
keeping wound open
100
evisceration is
organs coming out of wound
101
oliguria is
low urine output
102
why are pts NPO before surgery
to decrease intraoperative vomiting and aspiration
103
condition that places pt at risk for life threatening event during surgery and requires prophylactic measures
malignant hyperthermia
104
hydration after surgery decreases risk of
clots
cardiovascular complications
105
footwear recommended for post op pts
nonskid footwear
106
organization that promores surgery pt safety
association of perioperative RN (AORN)
107
regional anesthesia affects
area of body
108
local anesthesia affects
motor and sensory nerves at surgical site
109
epidural anesthesia is used for
abdominal and thoracic surgeries
110
devices prescribed to decrease VTE risk
sequential compression devices
111
scrubbing surgical site steps
1. scrub in circle w antiseptic
2. start at center and move outward
3. scrub outer edge and throw away sponge
4. repeat process w new sponge
5. drape client
112
ileus is
post op abdominal surgery complication w decreased bowel sounds, nausea, discomfort
113
hospice care
dying patients w under 6 months to live
114
hospice is generally delivers in
pts home or family home
115
respite care
support for family/caregivers
116
palliative care
care for patients approaching death or that have chronic illness
117
alzheimers and parkinsons fall under
palliative care
118
death rattle is
sound of retention of secretions in respiratory tract
119
cheyne-stokes respiration
breathing pattern cycles that start w rapid shallow breaths and increase to deep breaths ending w apnea
120
apnea is
breathing starts and stops during sleep
121
3 step ladder of palliative care pain management
nsaids
codeine or tramadol
morphine
122
nonpharmacologic interventions for pain
diversion
relaxation exercises
massage therapy
123
mottling is
purple/red marbling in skin before death
124
how to manage mottling
provide warm blanket
125
how to manage cheyne stokes respirations
have fan blow in pt direction
126
how to manage hallucinations
reassurance
avoid denial of sensations
127
how to manage death rattle
turn pt on their side
128
identification tags should be placed on a minimum of
2 areas of the pts body
129
prolonged grief lasts
longer than 6 months
130
disenfranchised grief is
grief when pet dies
131
wordens 4 tasks of mourning
accept
acknowledge
adjust
reinvest
132
isotonic range
270-300 mOsm/L
133
hypertonic range
> 300 mOsm/L
134
hypotonic range
<270 mOsm/L
135
dehydrated rnage
> 300 mOsm/L (hypertonic)
136
symptoms of dehydrationn
fever
low BP
high pulse
137
hyperkalemia causes
arrhythmias
138
is vitamin k potassium
no
139
hypokalemia risk factors
diuretics
excessive laxative use
nausea & vomiting
NG tube
140
hyperkalemia risk factors
spironolactone
kidney disease
high potassium diet
-pril meds
-sartan meds
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
salt substitutes (contain potassium)
141
calcium relaxes
heart
muscles
142
hypercalcemia symptoms
bradycardia
drowsiness
fatigue
lethargy
143
hypocalcemia symptoms
seizures
tachycardia
restlessness
144
where would a bed ridden patient have edema
sacrum area
145
how does insulin affect potassium
decreases potassium
146
pedialyte is a form of what therapy
oral rehydratoin therapy
147
can you give oral rehydration to vomiting pt
yes still absorbed
148
pH of 1 is
most acidic
149
pH of 14
most alkaline
150
ph of 7.0
neutral
151
what organs control pH
kidneys
lungs
152
how many liters of oxygen can a COPD get
no more than 4 L
153
phlebitis
vein inflammation
154
infiltration
when IV solution leaks into tissues around vein
155
thrombosis
blood clot formation
156
how long can you leave SPC cath
72 hrs
157
Midline cath timing
2-4 wks
158
indication of nerve puncture
pins and needles sensation
