Exam 1

Question 1

Community Health

Answer 1

the health status of a
defined group of people and the actions and
conditions to promote, protect, and preserve
their health

Question 2

Community

Answer 2

a group of individuals identified
by at least one common characteristic

Question 3

What are factors that affect community health?

Answer 3

Physical Factors
Social and Cultural Factors
Community Organization
Individual Behavior

Question 4

Public Health

Answer 4

actions that society takes
collectively to ensure that the conditions in which
people can be healthy can occur

Question 5

Public Health Organization

Answer 5

the organizational
mechanism of those activities undertaken
within the formal structure of government and
the associated efforts of private and voluntary
organizations and individuals

Question 6

A large number of agencies
and organizations are involved
in delivery of Community/Public Health

Answer 6

– Governmental agencies
– Quasi-governmental agencies
– Non-governmental organizations
(NGOs)

Question 7

CDC

Answer 7

the lead
public health agency
in the US

Question 8

Core functions of Public Health

Answer 8

Monitor Health
Diagnose and investigate
Inform, educate, empower
Mobilize community partnerships
Develop policies
Enforce laws
Link to provide care
Assure competently
Evaluate
Research

Question 9

Epidemiology

Answer 9

study of how, when, and where diseases occur in populations /communities focus is on prevention and/or control of disease

Question 10

Infectious disease

Answer 10

Disruption of a tissue or organ by microbes or microbial products

Question 11

Non-infectious disease

Answer 11

disruption of a tissue or organ by agents other than microbes or microbial products

Question 12

Communicable Disease

Answer 12

Disease causing agent spreads from one host organism to another

Question 13

Non communicable disease

Answer 13

disease causing agent cannot spread from one host to another

Question 14

Acute Diseases

Answer 14

Develop quickly and last a short time
3 months of less

Question 15

Chronic diseases

Answer 15

Develop slowly and are long lasting
3 months or longer, some are life long

Question 16

Risk Factors

Answer 16

Characteristics or issues that increase the chances of developing a disease

Question 17

Disease surveillance

Answer 17

measurement of the extent of disease found in a population

Question 18

Surveillance

Answer 18

measuring disease occurrence

Question 19

Sporadic disease

Answer 19

occurs occasionally in a population/community

Question 20

Endemic disease

Answer 20

occurs at some constant or expected level in a population/ community

Question 21

Epidemic disease

Answer 21

disease that occurs in excess of the usual or expected level in a population/community

Question 22

Pandemic disease

Answer 22

a worldwide epidemic
disease

Question 23

Health Status Indicators (HSIs)

Answer 23

Measurements of a community’s
(population’s) health and its disease
burden

Question 24

Life expectancy

Answer 24

The average number of years a person from a
specific cohort is projected to live from a given
point in time

Question 25

HALE: Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy

Answer 25

The number of years of healthy life expected, on average, in a given population

Question 26

Prevalence

Answer 26

Total number of existing cases present at a particular time in a given population

Question 27

Agent

Answer 27

A factor whose presence (or absence) causes disease

Question 28

Agent Categories

Answer 28

– Physical – Chemical – Biological – Genetic – Nutrient – Psychological

Question 29

Physical

Answer 29

Physical agents are forces that cause injuries

Question 30

Chemical

Answer 30

agents are compounds that cause: Injuires Cellular damage

Question 31

Biological

Answer 31

are the microorganisms and other parasitic organisms that cause infectious diseases

Question 32

Genetic

Answer 32

are mutated genes that cause disease

Question 33

Nutrient

Answer 33

The lack of certain essential nutrients results in nutrient deficiency diseases

Question 34

Psychological

Answer 34

cause mental disorders

Question 35

Susceptible Host

Answer 35

Person with the characteristics required to develop a given disease

Question 36

Immunocompetence:

Answer 36

The ability of the immune system to recognize and attack non-self cells and substances

Question 37

Immune Tolerance

Answer 37

Ability of the immune system to recognize and NOT attack the body’s own tissue

Question 38

Memory Cells

Answer 38

the immune system can “remember” what items were attacked in the past and can quickly respond and attack those items if they re-enter the body

Question 39

Active Immunity

Answer 39

Resistance to an infectious agent due to immune system “memory” from previous exposure

Question 40

Enviornment

Answer 40

Any external condition that influences the development of disease

Question 41

Family Planning

Answer 41

Determining the preferred number and spacing of children and choosing the appropriate means to accomplish it

Question 42

Title X

Answer 42

Provides funds for family planning services for low income people

Question 43

What are nutrients of special importance?

Answer 43

Iron, Calcium, and Folic Acids

Question 44

Leading Causes of Infant Death

Answer 44

1. Congenital malformations (birth defects) 2. Low birth weight 3. Sudden infant death syndrome 4. Maternal complications 5. Unintentional injuries