Exam #1

Question 1

What is a proposed explanation of fact that cannot be tested through experiment?

Answer 1

Hypothesis

Question 2

What is a proven hypothesis generally accepted with evidence or data to support it?

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

What is a statement of natural phenomena with no exception?

Answer 3

Scientific law

Question 4

These are a unique classification of matter.

Answer 4

Elements

Question 5

This is a column of the periodic table and consist of elements with similar properties.

Answer 5

Groups

Question 6

This is a horizontal row on the periodic table.

Answer 6

Period

Question 7

What are the three groups elements are separated into?

Answer 7

Metals, non-metals, and metalloids

Question 8

Semiconductors; conduct heat under certain conditions

Answer 8

Metalloid

Question 9

Usually solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature; not lustrous and poor conductors of electricity

Answer 9

Non-metals

Question 10

Lustrous, conduct electricity, malleable, and usually solid at room temperature

Answer 10

Metals

Question 11

What are the 5 groups of metals?

Answer 11

Alkali, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, halogens, and noble gases

Question 12

Soft, reactive, combust with contact of water ; first column

Answer 12

Alkali

Question 13

Relatively soft and relatively reactive; second column

Answer 13

Alkaline earth metals

Question 14

Typical, everyday metals; Sc to zn

Answer 14

Transition metals

Question 15

Very reactive

Answer 15

Halogens

Question 16

Unreactive!

Answer 16

Noble gas

Question 17

Is hydrogen considered an alkali metal?

Answer 17

No.

Question 18

Units made of two or more other units; example: density= mass/volume

Answer 18

Derived unit

Question 19

If we have a whole number and want to write it in scientific notation, do we more it to the left since it’s positive?

Answer 19

Yes; example: 101,325 = 1.01325 x 10^5

Question 20

If we have a decimal and want to write it in scientific notation, will we go left or right?

Answer 20

Right; example: 1.01325 = 101,325 x 10^-5

Question 21

What are the formulas for temperature conversion?

Answer 21

Celsius= (f-32)x 5/9
Kelvin = C+ 273.15

Question 22

List the multiplicative prefixes in order with measurements.

Answer 22

Nano (n)- 10^-9
Micro (u)- 10^ -6
Milli (m)- 10^-3
Centi (c)- 1/100; 0.01
Deci(d)- 1/10; 0.1
Kilo (k)- 10^3
Mega (M)- 10^6
Giga (G)- 10^9

Question 23

Macroscopic and particulate models

Answer 23

Macroscopic: level you can see matter with naked eye
Particulate: need models or specialized tool to visualize matter; microscopic

Question 24

This phase of matter has a definite volume, define shape, and low particle motion

Answer 24

Solid

Question 25

This phase of matter has definite volume, no definite shape, and has high particle motion that is limited by volume

Answer 25

Liquid

Question 26

This phase of matter is compressible, has no definite shape or volume, and has very high particle motion

Answer 26

Gas

Question 27

This describes the motion of matter at a particulate level

Answer 27

Kinetic molecular theory

Question 28

Are pure substances one form of matter? Give 2 examples.

Answer 28

Yes; elements and compounds

Question 29

Are mixtures 2 or more forms of matter? What are the 2 types? Give examples.

Answer 29

Yes; homogeneous, which is every mixed, and heterogeneous, which is distinguishable is composition. Examples: homogeneous- brass, soda water; heterogeneous- treasure, tapioca milk lea

Question 30

What are the 2 ways to separate mixtures?

Answer 30

Distillation and filtration, to name a few

Question 31

Separation of 2 substances with phase change; useful for homogenous mixtures

Answer 31

Distillation

Question 32

Separation of 2 substances through semipermeable barrier; good for heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 32

Filtration

Question 33

What are the 2 types of changes substances can undergo?

Answer 33

Physical and chemical

Question 34

A change that occurs with no change in chemical compound Example: melting ice, cutting something in half

Answer 34

Physical property

Question 35

Property that alter chemical composition of a source of matter Example: burning paper, iron rusting

Answer 35

Chemical property

Question 36

What does the law of conservation of matter state?

Answer 36

Matter is with created nor destroyed; mass should not differ after reaction

Question 37

The capacity for matter to do work; resource absorbed or released; detected as heat or work

Answer 37

Energy

Question 38

Energy of an object due to its relative position or stored energy

Answer 38

Potential energy

Question 39

Energy released by movement

Answer 39

Kinetic energy

Question 40

The law that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but absorbed or released

Answer 40

Law of conservation of energy

Question 41

T/f: unlike charges repel and like charges attract T/f: like charges put together build potential energy

Answer 41

False; unlike charges attract and like charges repel True

Question 42

Who proposed that all atoms of an element have the same mass and size, which has been proven to be false, and that atoms were hard spheres, which was also disproved.

Answer 42

Dalton

Question 43

Who proposed the plum pudding model, which was disproved, that resulted in discovery of the electron.

Answer 43

Thomson

Question 44

Who dealt with alpha particles and shot them expecting them to deflect, but they went straight through. He discovered the nucleus.

Answer 44

Rutherford

Question 45

Explain the structure of an atom.

Answer 45

Nucleus is center with protons, and electrons on outside: all within atom

Question 46

An element of a particular atomic number that duffers in number of neutrons. Mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons Atomic number: number of protons and electrons in nucleus

Answer 46

Isotope