Exam 1

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a good genetic model​?
a. Arabidopsis. thaliana (flowering plant)​
b. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)​
C. elegans (worm)​
d. E. coli (bacteria)​
e. Homo Sapiens (Humans

Answer 1

E

Question 2

This type of geneticist is primarily interested in studying the inheritance patterns of traits from one generation to the next in individuals.​

Answer 2

Population geneticist

Question 3

Traits are usually determined by ______.​

Answer 3

both the environment and genes.​

Question 4

According to the Central Dogma, which is the correct direction of information flow?​

Answer 4

DNA –> RNA –> Protein ​

Question 5

All of the following are domains of life EXCEPT______. ​
a. bacteria
b. eukarya
c. archaea
d. plants

Answer 5

d. plants

Question 6

All of the following are parts of a nucleotide, EXCEPT____.​

Answer 6

peptide

Question 7

Which of the following strands will be complementary with this sequence: GCAT (for this question don’t worry about 5’ or 3’)​

Answer 7

CGTA​

Question 8

Alternative versions of a gene are called _____.​

Answer 8

alleles​

Question 9

Which of the following is correct regarding purines and pyrimidines?​

Answer 9

Pyrimidines are double ring structures​

Question 10

Before we knew what molecule was the genetic material, scientists reasoned that the genetic material had to have four criteria. Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria?

Answer 10

The genetic material must be either DNA or RNA.

Question 11

In the Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiments, which treatment prevented transformation?

Answer 11

DNAse

Question 12

In the Hershey Chase experiment, they used radioactive phosphorous to label DNA. Why?

Answer 12

Because phosphorous is found mainly in DNA and rarely in proteins

Question 13

The genetic material in the tobacco mosaic virus is _____.

Answer 13

RNA

Question 14

All of the following had an important role in discovering the structure of DNA. Which one did NOT share the Nobel Prize for their contribution?

Answer 14

Rosalind Franklin

Question 15

You are looking at a chromosome, but are unsure if it is a eukaryotic or a bacterial chromosome. Which feature below would strongly suggest that you are looking at a eukaryotic chromosome and not a bacterial chromosome?

Answer 15

Presence of telomeres

Question 16

Which histone protein is called a linker histone and is NOT part of the histone octamer of a nucleosome?

Answer 16

H1

Question 17

Which type of chromatin would you find genes that are actively being transcribed (genes that are activated to make proteins)?

Answer 17

Euchromatin

Question 18

What macromolecule types are included in the chromatin? A) Only DNA B) Only RNA C) Only Proteins D) Only DNA and RNA E) Both DNA and Proteins

Answer 18

Both DNA and Proteins

Question 19

There were three proposed models for DNA replication. Which is the model that Meselson and Stahl’s data supported?

Answer 19

Semi-conservative

Question 20

The enzyme, shown here at the green arrow, that is breaking the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands, is called _______.

Answer 20

DNA Helicase

Question 21

During DNA replication DNA is always read in the _________ direction and new DNA is always synthesized in the ________ direction.

Answer 21

3’ to 5’ and 5’ to 3’

Question 22

How is eukaryotic DNA replication different than bacterial DNA replication?​ ​

Answer 22

Eukaryotic DNA replication requires the enzyme telomerase to replicate its ends, but bacterial cells do not use telomerase.

Question 23

Which of the following is true regarding PCR?​
a. PCR is similar to how cells make proteins from RNA. ​
b. During the elongation stage of PCR the double strands pull a part.​
c. PCR stands for pretty cool reaction​
d. During the annealing stage of PCR the primers bind to the DNA template. ​
e. PCR requires placing a plasmid in a bacterial cell.

Answer 23

d. During the annealing stage of PCR, the primers bind to the DNA template. ​d.

Question 24

After the initiation of replication, the protein ________ will bind to the origin of replication to prevent additional rounds of replication from the same origin? ​

Answer 24

Geminin​

Question 25

Which eukaryotic DNA polymerase is associated with replicating mitochondrial DNA?​

Answer 25

gamma (g)

Question 26

In a research lab, one can make copies of DNA sequences using an in vitro or in vivo technique. Which of these techniques is PCR?​

Answer 26

in vitro

Question 27

This chapter dealt mainly with replication in bacteria and eukaryotes. Less is known about archaeal replication, but data support which of the following. ​

Answer 27

Archaeal replication is more similar to eukaryotic replication.​

Question 28

A bacterium that is met- (mutation in the MET gene) cannot synthesize its own methionine. This bacterium is ______.

Answer 28

Auxotrophic for methionine

Question 29

Which horizontal gene transfer mechanism requires physical contact between two different bacterial cells?

Answer 29

Conjugation

Question 30

Which of the following is true of a F+ bacterium?

Answer 30

F+ bacteria can conjugate with F- bacteria.

Question 31

What is the name of the structure that forms during conjugation?

Answer 31

sex pilius

Question 32

_____ is a fertility plasmid that contains a portion of the bacterial chromosomal genome.

Answer 32

F'

Question 33

Which form of bacterial gene transfer is likely involved if a living bacterium takes DNA directly from the environment (i.e. the DNA is in the medium)?

Answer 33

Transformation

Question 34

Which viral reproductive cycle is occurring if the viral genome is inserted into the host cell's chromosome and the host cell continues to survive and divide?

Answer 34

Lysogenic

Question 35

All of the following are purposes of plasmids, EXCEPT _____. a. Some plasmids provide fertility b. Some plasmids initiate chromosome replication. c. Some plasmids provide resistance to antibiotics. d. Some plasmids function in degrading specific substances.

Answer 35

b.

Question 36

What is the name of the virus that infects bacteria?

Answer 36

bacteriophage

Question 37

Which horizontal gene transfer mechanism requires a virus to transfer the DNA?

Answer 37

transduction