Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Origins > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

biological Anthropology

A

the study of human biology within the frame work of evolutionary biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primatology

A

preservation of endangered species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Paleopathology

A

prehistoric forensics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

inductive reasoning

A

when you take a specific phenomenon then use that instance to make broad generalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

deductive reasoning

A

when there is already alot known about a phenomenon but you focus on something specific within that knwon frameowrk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Copernicus

A

heliocentric universe, naturalistic theistic basis for inellectual views, He was a marhematician/astronomer replaced ptolemic view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Catastrophism

A

the view that the earths geological landscape is the result of violent cataclysmic events.Cuvier promoted this view.e Especially in opposition events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Linnaeus

A

organisms are static and perfectly adapted to their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lamarck

A

evolution occurs as a response to a stimulus an inheritance of acquired characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Darwin’s

A

shift in human history intellectually. beagle voyages doubt in species fixity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Great Chain Of Being

A

Hierarchical structure of all matter and life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

natural selection

A

Evolutionary change, front descired by charles darwin th term refers to genetic change or changes in the frequencies of certain traits in populations due to differential reproductive success between individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Malthus

A

human population growth is potentially geomertic, food production increases arithmetically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cuvier

A

proposed catastrophism as an explanation for extinction. earths geology and natural history periodically produced turnover events. Ex: vertebrates, Molluscs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bionomial nomenclature

A

established by linnaeus, genus and species names are used to refwe to living things. ex, homosapiens refers to human beings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lyell

A

natural laws, earths crust took place through multiplle changes over vast periods of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

fossil

A

preserved remains impression or trace of any once living thing from a past geological age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

variation

A

differences in population/genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

darwinian fitness

A

capacity of a variant type to invade and displace the resident population in competetion for available resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

organic evolution

A

change in the properties of population of organisms, through genetic transmission, which transcends the lifetime of a single individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

broad sense evolution

A

merely change, all peruasive, galaxies, languages , political systems and individuals all evolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

geological uniformation

A

how life interacted and influence each other throughout time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

inheirtance of acquired charcteristics

A

orgagisms experiencingsuch a modification can transmit such a character to its offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

darwins evidence of natural selection

A

if animals didnt adapt right than they wouldntmake it far enough to reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

paradigm shift to naturalistic view of life

A

is a world shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Mitosis

A

produces 2 identical cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

meiosis

A

the chromosomes cross over and the

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

haploid

A

23 chromosomes cross over and the chromosomes swap (sex cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

diploid

A

46 chromosomes (somatic cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

centromere

A

links the pair of sister chromatids together during cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

chemical base bonding

A

each pair of shared electrons constitute udes one chemical base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

allele

A

alternate form of a gene, blue eyes (recessive) brown eyes (dominant)

33
Q

gene

A

segment of dna that is functional encodes a protein, encodes a protein, encode RNA, DNA regulations or DNA structure elements

34
Q

Homologous

A

pairing at meiosis and having the same strucutre features and pattern of genes

35
Q

gamete

A

reproductive cell of an animal or plant

36
Q

codon

A

the genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material into proteins

37
Q

4 dna bases

A

Adenine (a), cytosine (c)
guanine (g) thymine (t)

38
Q

mutation

A

change from the ancestral (changes of DNA from the parent to you) creates new alleles

39
Q

Triplet

A

64 different combination provides plenty of info in DNA placement for all 20 amino acids

40
Q

cell nucleus

A

cotains all of the cell’s chromosomes, which encode the genetic material

41
Q

single locus

A

a specfic, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located

42
Q

redundancy

A

most amino acids are specified by more than one mRNA codon

43
Q

chromosome

A

structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells

44
Q

Recombination

A

the exchange of genetic material between paired chromosome during meiosis , also called crossing over

45
Q

karyotype

A

the chromsomes of an individual what is typical of a species, viewed mircoscopically and displayed in a photograph. the chromosome are aranged in pairs and according to size and position of the centromere

46
Q

Nucleotide

A

basic units of the dna molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of four DNA bases

47
Q

exons

A

protein- coding segments of DNA, these are copied into RNA during transcription. exons exit the nucleus to form proteins, exons make up <2% of the human geone

48
Q

introns

A

non coding segments of DNA. these are copied into rna during transcription but are removed proir to translation

49
Q

independent assortment

A

Distribution of one pair of alleles into gametes does not influence the distribution of another pair. the genes controlling different traits are inherited independently of one another

50
Q

segregation of traits

A

each individual that is a diploid has a pair of alleles for a particular trait

51
Q

blending inheritance

A

parental traits mixed to produce intermiediate offspring

52
Q

pleiotrophy

A

additional refinement to mendels seconds law, the condition which a single mutant gene affects two ore more seemingly unrelated genes and therefore their phenotypic trait expression

53
Q

genotype

A

the geentic makeup of an individual genotype usually refers to an organism genetic makeup at a particular locus

54
Q

phenotype

A

the observable or detectable physical characteriscs of an organism, the detectable expressions of genotype, frequently influenced by enviromental factors

55
Q

mendels phenotype ratios

A

9:3:3:1

56
Q

linkage

A

important refinment to mendels second law

57
Q

homozygous

A

the same allele present at a locus

58
Q

heterozygous

A

two different variations of a gene

59
Q

dominant

A

like RR or Rr it will always be the R trait because its powerful

60
Q

recessive

A

like rr from parent

61
Q

modern synthesis

A

intergration of mendelian genetics and natural selection

62
Q

polygenic inheritance

A

the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one gene

63
Q

modes of natural selection

A

stabilizing selection, directional selection, disruptive selection

64
Q

phylogeny

A

two methodological apporoaches

65
Q

populations

A

a group of people

66
Q

biological species

A

unworkable concept, formulated by ernst Mayr , a group of organisms that can be interbreed, to produce fertile offpsring and are reproductively isolated from other groups

67
Q

speciation

A

the fundamental marcoevolutionary process

68
Q

adaptive radiation

A

the relatively rapid expansion and diversification of life forms into new ecological niches

69
Q

genetic drift

A

within small population result in less geentic allele diversity within a population , allele shift within a population not caused by natural selection . result in ledd diversity of alleles in a population

70
Q

evolutionary forces random

A

genetic drift

71
Q

evolutionary forces directional

A

gene flow

72
Q

gene pool

A

the collection of all available genes that are available to be passed down from parents to offspring in the population of a single species

73
Q

taxonomy

A

the practice of classification

74
Q

cladogram

A

shows the theory of relationships between groups of organisms

75
Q

macroevolution

A

importance of species concept, species is the central unit in macroevolution, speciation is the process driving macroevolutionary change

76
Q

homologus

A

similar instructure and position in two ore more organisms, these were inheirted by a common ancestor

77
Q

gene flow

A

the exchange of genes/alleles between population leads to homogenized gene pools, over time , should exchange continue -> this leads to homogention of the two populations

78
Q

gradulism

A

changes in a organism occur gradually through time in states rather than slowly

Human Origins (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions