Exam 1

Question 1

the action of establishing something as a convention or norm in an org or culture

Answer 1

institutionalization

Question 2

when managers represent the org to outsiders

Answer 2

spokesperson role

Question 3

an individual who achieves goals through other people

Answer 3

managers

Question 4

a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of 2+ people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals

Answer 4

organizations

Question 5

defining an organization’s goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate activities

Answer 5

planning

Question 6

determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made

Answer 6

organizing

Question 7

when managers motivate employees, direct their activities, select the most effective communication channels, or resolve conflicts

Answer 7

leading

Question 8

management must monitor the org’s performance and compare it with previously set goals

Answer 8

controlling

Question 9

when the president of a college hands out diplomas at commencement or a factory supervisor gives a group of high school students a tour of the plant

Answer 9

firgurehead role

Question 10

this role includes hiring, training, motivating, and disciplining employees

Answer 10

leadership role

Question 11

contacting and fostering relationships with others who provide valuable info

Answer 11

liaison role

Question 12

collect info from outside orgs and institutions, typically by scanning the news media and talking with other ppl to learn of changes in the public’s tastes, what competitors may be planning

Answer 12

monitor role

Question 13

managers initiate and oversee new projects that will improve their orgs performance

Answer 13

entrepreneur role

Question 14

managers take corrective actions in response to unforeseen problems

Answer 14

disturbance handlers

Question 15

the ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other ppl, both individually and in groups

Answer 15

human skills

Question 16

managers must have the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations

Answer 16

conceptual skills

Question 17

the field of study that investigates the impact individual, groups, and structure have on behavior within org’s , for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an org’s effectiveness

Answer 17

organizational behavior

Question 18

complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence

Answer 18

evidence-based management (EBM)

Question 19

seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals

Answer 19

psychology

Question 20

studies ppl in relation to their social environment and culture

Answer 20

sociology

Question 21

the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities

Answer 21

anthropology

Question 22

we can say x leads to y, but only under conditions specified in z

Answer 22

contingency variables

Question 23

org’s are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of employee’s gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual, orientation, and other characteristics

Answer 23

workforce diversity

Question 24

studies how orgs develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential

Answer 24

positive organizational scholarship

Question 25

required to identify right and wrong conduct

Answer 25

ethical dilemmas and ethical choices

Question 26

an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real world phenomenon

Answer 26

model

Question 27

the variables like personality, groups and orgs engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes

Answer 27

inputs

Question 28

actions that individuals, groups, and orgs engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes

Answer 28

processes

Question 29

the key variables that you want to explain or predict, and that are affected by some other variables

Answer 29

outcomes

Question 30

an unpleasant psychological process that occurs in response to environmental pressures

Answer 30

stress

Question 31

combination of effectiveness and efficiency at doing your core job tasks

Answer 31

task performance

Question 32

the discretionary behavior that isn't part of an employees formal job requirements, and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace

Answer 32

org citizen ship behavior

Question 33

is the set of actions that employees take to separate themselves form the org

Answer 33

withdrawal behavior

Question 34

refers to the quantity and quality of a groups work output

Answer 34

group functioning

Question 35

evidence that the org is able to exist and grow over the long term

Answer 35

org survival

Question 36

characteristics such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, or disability, that don't necessarily reflect the ways ppl think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes

Answer 36

surface level diversity

Question 37

differences in values, personality, and work preference that become progressively more important for determining similarity as ppl get to know one another

Answer 37

deep level diversity

Question 38

noting a difference between things; often refer to unfair discriminationd

Answer 38

discrimination

Question 39

judging someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which that person belongs

Answer 39

stereotyping

Question 40

describes the degree to which we internally agree with the generally negative stereotypes perceptions of our groups

Answer 40

stereotype threat

Question 41

age, gender, race, and disability are some of the most obvious

Answer 41

biographical characteristics

Question 42

an individual of minority status is much less likely to leave the org if there is a feeling of inclusiveness

Answer 42

positive diversity climate

Question 43

time on a particular job

Answer 43

seniority

Question 44

a link with culture of family ancestry or youth that lasts a lifetime, no matter where the individual may live in the world

Answer 44

cultural identity

Question 45

an individuals current capability to perform the various tasks in a job

Answer 45

ability

Question 46

abilities needed to perform mental activities - thinking, reasoning, and problem solving

Answer 46

intellectual abilities

Question 47

an overall factor intelligence, as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions

Answer 47

general mental ability (GMA)

Question 48

the capacity to do tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics

Answer 48

physical abilities

Question 49

makes everyone more aware of and sensitive to the needs and differences of others

Answer 49

diversity management

Question 50

messages to specific demographic groups that are underrepresented in the workforce

Answer 50

target recruitment

Question 51

are evaluated statement - either favorable or unfavorable - about objects, ppl, or events

Answer 51

attitudes

Question 52

the opinion or belief segment of an attitude

Answer 52

cognitive components

Question 53

the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude

Answer 53

affective component

Question 54

describes an intention to behave a certain way toward someone or something

Answer 54

behavioral components

Question 55

a positive feeling about a job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics

Answer 55

job satisfaction

Question 56

the degree to which ppl identify psychologically with their jobs and consider their perceived performance levels important to their self worth

Answer 56

job involvement

Question 57

the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competencies, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonomy

Answer 57

psychological empowerment

Question 58

identifies with a particular org and its goals and wishes to remain a member

Answer 58

org commitment

Question 59

employees believe the org values their contribution and cares about their well being

Answer 59

perceived org support (POS)

Question 60

ppl in a country accept that power in institutions and org is distributed unequally, is lower

Answer 60

power distance

Question 61

individuals involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work they do

Answer 61

employee engagement

Question 62

who believe in their inner worth and basic competence are more satisfied with their jobs

Answer 62

core self-evaluations (CSE)

Question 63

self-regulated actions to benefit society or the environment beyond what is required by law increasingly affects employee job satisfaction

Answer 63

corporate social responsibility (CSR)

Question 64

direct behavior toward leaving the org, including looking for a new position or resigning

Answer 64

exit

Question 65

actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions

Answer 65

voice

Question 66

passively but optimistically waiting for conditions to improve

Answer 66

loyalty

Question 67

passively allows conditions to worsen

Answer 67

neglect

Question 68

intentional employee behavior that is contrary to the interests of the org

Answer 68

counterproductive work behavior

Question 69

refers to a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the org from other orgs

Answer 69

org culture

Question 70

expresses the core values that are shared by a majority of the orgs members

Answer 70

dominant culture

Question 71

the primary/dominant values that are accepted throughout the org

Answer 71

core values

Question 72

tend to develop in large orgs in response to common problems or experiences a group of members face in the same department or location

Answer 72

subculture

Question 73

the orgs core values are both intensely held and widely shared

Answer 73

strong culture

Question 74

refers to the shared perceptions org members have about their org and work environment

Answer 74

org climate

Question 75

the shared concept of right and wrong behavior, develops as part of the orgs climate

Answer 75

ethical work climate (EWC)

Question 76

refers to practices that can be maintained over very long periods of time because the tools or structures that support the practices are not damaged by the processes

Answer 76

sustainability

Question 77

practices address the ways social systems are affected by an org's actions over time, and in turn, how changing social systems may affect the orgs

Answer 77

social sustainability

Question 78

can help alleviate the problem many employees report that their new jobs are different than expected

Answer 78

socialization

Question 79

recognizes that each individual arrives with a set of values, attitudes, and expectations about both the work and the org

Answer 79

prearrival stage

Question 80

confronts the possibility that expectations - about the jobs, coworkers, boss, and org in general

Answer 80

encounter stage

Question 81

the stage in the socialization process in which a new employee changes and adjusts to the job, work group, and org

Answer 81

metamorphosis stage

Question 82

are repetitive sequences of activities that express and reinforce the key values of the org - what goals are most important, and/or which ppl are important versus which are expendable

Answer 82

rituals

Question 83

the layout of corporate headquarters, the types of automobiles top executives are given, and the presence or absence of corporate aircrafts

Answer 83

material symbols

Question 84

emphasizes building on employee strengths, rewards more than it punishes, and encourages individual vitality and growth

Answer 84

positive organizational culture

Question 85

recognized that ppl have an inner life that nourished and is nourished by meaningful work in the context of community

Answer 85

workplace spirituality