Exam 1

Question 1

sound working definition

Answer 1

In the strictest sense, sound is a compressional wave that produces a sensation in the human air

Question 2

True or False: Sound is both perceptual and physiological.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

perceptual sound

Answer 3

-sensation of hearing
-the way we perceive the properties of the sound
-sound will only exist if there is a functional listener

Question 4

physical perspective of sound (physiological)

Answer 4

-anything that produces a sound HAS to be capable of vibrations
-must possess 2 properties: mass and elasticity (everything in nature has these)

Question 5

meaning of physical perspective of sound

Answer 5

everything in nature can vibrate, therefore everything in nature is capable of being a source of sound
-anything in nature can be both the source and medium of a sound

Question 6

mass working definition

Answer 6

in terms of sound, mass is the amount of matter present via a solid; liquid, or gas that is capable of vibratory motion

Question 7

mass

Answer 7

the amount of matter present

Question 8

weight

Answer 8

the product of the gravitational force exerted on that matter

Question 9

elasticity working definition

Answer 9

the property of all matter via solid, liquid, or gas which allows it to undergo distortion of either shape or volume when force is applied

Question 10

elastic limit

Answer 10

the point at which crossed no longer allows that matter to return to its original form

Question 11

equilibrium

Answer 11

-state of rest
-not making sound
-has not been forced to do anything

Question 12

Newton’s first law

Answer 12

all bodies remain at rest of in a state of uniform motion unless another force acts in opposition

Question 13

inertia working definition

Answer 13

-tendency of a body in motion is to remain in motion
-tendency of a body at rest is to remain at rest

Question 14

the amount of inertia

Answer 14

directly proportional to its mass

Question 15

Newton’s third law

Answer 15

for every force, there must be an equal reaction force in the opposite direction

Question 16

True or False: A force can act along

Answer 16

False: you cannot have a force acting along, there must be a reaction force

Question 17

cycle of vibration

Answer 17

one cycle of vibration is equal to equilibrium to maximum displacement in one direction, back through equilibrium to maximum displacement in the opposite direction, back to equilibrium

Question 18

medium

Answer 18

-has to be able to vibrate
-needs mass and elasticity
-air is in a state of equilibrium and each molecules remains equidistant and exerts equal pressure

Question 19

characteristics of air

Answer 19

each molecule of air maintains an equal distance from all other molecules of air, with each molecules of air exerting equal amount of pressure

Question 20

density working definition

Answer 20

the amount of mass per unit volume

Question 21

mass vs. density

Answer 21

sea level: dense
colorado: not dense

Question 22

elasticity of air

Answer 22

-can be distorted
-can create changes in density
-air will have a tendency to move back to its original state
-still not touching, still maintaining equal pressure

Question 23

area of compression

Answer 23

more molecules of air present than there are at equilibrium

Question 24

areas of compression

Answer 24

more molecules of air present than there are at equilibrium

Question 25

areas of rarefaction

Answer 25

fewer molecules of air present than there are at equilibrium

Question 26

soundwave

Answer 26

propagated by series of density changes in the medium

Question 27

greater maximum displacement of a source

Answer 27

greater maximum displacement of medium

Question 28

simple harmonic motion

Answer 28

the wave of disturbance transmitted through the medium when you have a sound of a single frequency

Question 29

if a sine wave has high density (compression)

Answer 29

-equilibrium -displacement: minimum -pressure: minimum -velocity: maximum

Question 30

if a sine wave has low density (rarefaction)

Answer 30

-displacement: maximum -pressure: maximum -velocity: minimum

Question 31

spatial properties of sine waves

Answer 31

-the relative position of a molecule of air at a given instant in time -amplitude -wavelength

Question 32

amplitude

Answer 32

maximum displacement of a molecule of air

Question 33

amplitude vs loudness

Answer 33

-amplitude is physiologic (can be measured) -loudness if psychologic (cannot be measured)

Question 34

peak amplitude

Answer 34

the linear measurement from equilibrium to the point of displacement in one direction

Question 35

Peak-to-Peak amplitude

Answer 35

the linear measurement from the point of maximum displacement in one direction to the point of maximum displacement in the opposite direction

Question 36

RMS value

Answer 36

-root-mean-square -absolute measure -takes into account that amplitude decreases as a function of time and amplitudes varies from one cycle to the next

Question 37

How to calculate RMS (long way)

Answer 37

-square the peak amplitude twoard positive -square the peak amplitude toward negative -add together -average and find the square root

Question 38

how to calculate RMS (short way)

Answer 38

A=1.1414 OR A*0.707

Question 39

wavelength

Answer 39

the linear measure that refers to the distance a sound wave can travel during one complete cycle of vibration

Question 40

temporal properties of sine wave

Answer 40

-refers to the movement of a single molecule over a period of time -cycle -period -frequency

Question 41

period

Answer 41

time it takes to complete one cycle of vibration

Question 42

frequency

Answer 42

the number of complete cycles that occur during a certain timeframe

Question 43

frequency and pitch relationship

Answer 43

-as frequency increases, our perception of the pitch of a sound increases -as frequency decreases, our perception of pitch decreases -frequency is physiologic (can be measured) -pitch is perceptual (cannot be measured)

Question 44

pitch formula

Answer 44

Pitch= 1/ Frequency in seconds

Question 45

frequency formula

Answer 45

frequency= 1/ period in Hz

Question 46

frequency and wavelength relationship

Answer 46

-as frequency increases wavelength decreases -as frequency decreases, wavelength increases

Question 47

wavelength formula

Answer 47

wavelength= velocity/ frequency measured in ft

Question 48

frequency formula

Answer 48

frequency=velocity/wavelength measured in Hz

Question 49

velocity ALWAYS equals

Answer 49

1,130 ft/sec

Question 50

type of wave motion

Answer 50

-longitudinal and transverse wave motion

Question 51

longitudinal wave motion

Answer 51

the direction of air particle movement is parallel to the direction of wave movement

Question 52

transverse wave motion

Answer 52

the direction of vibration in the air is at the right angle to the direction the wave is moving

Question 53

phase definitoin

Answer 53

the particle position within a cirlce of motion at a given instant in time

Question 54

phase will determine what happens when sound is

Answer 54

combined

Question 55

complex sounds

Answer 55

any sound composed of 2 or more simple sinusoids

Question 56

in phase

Answer 56

the areas of rarefaction/compression occur at the exact same time

Question 57

in phase characteristics

Answer 57

-frequency: same -amplitude: same -starting phase: same

Question 58

out of phase

Answer 58

the areas of rarefaction/compression do not occur at the exact same time

Question 59

2 sounds out of phase

Answer 59

create new sound with new frequency and increased amplitude

Question 60

2 sounds that are 180 degrees out of phase

Answer 60

the areas of compression/rarefaction occur in direct opposition to each other

Question 61

dead spot/area of silence

Answer 61

2 waves cancel each other out