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Abnormal Psychology Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Operant Extinction

A

reinforcement that was in the past is now withheld, behavior decreases

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2
Q

Negative punishment

A

take away stimulus, behavior decreases

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3
Q

ABC’s of observation

A

Antecedents, Behaviors, Consequences

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4
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Adding positive stimuli, increase behavior

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5
Q

Habituation

A

When a stimuli gets to familiar and doesn’t respond anymore

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6
Q

Topography

A

Configuring the form or shape of a response

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7
Q

Function

A

the effects of the response

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8
Q

Scientist-practitioner model

A

training professional psychologists that works on both research and clinical skills

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9
Q

Humanistic Tradition

A

People are good by nature, humans strive towards self-actualization, Maslow, Rogers

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10
Q

Genotype

A

Colleton of alleles

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11
Q

Phenotype

A

Reaction of alleles

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12
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

fight or flight

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14
Q

Emotions

A

Behavior: what you do
Cognition: think
Physiology: reaction

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15
Q

Observational learning

A

learning by observing others

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16
Q

Clinical assessment

A

evaluation of factors that may be affecting an individual’s problems

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17
Q

Unstructured interview

A

no set of questions, probing questions. Pro: wide net of info
Con: reliability

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18
Q

Validity

A

actually measuring what you intend to measure

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19
Q

Confounding varaible

A

variable other than the IV that effects the outcome

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20
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

increasing behaviors by removing stimuli

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21
Q

Avoidence

A

avoiding the risk by discounting the activity

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22
Q

Positive punishment

A

adding a stimulus to stop a behavior

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23
Q

Respondent extinction

A

the repeated presentation of a conditioned stimuli in the absence of the unconditioned stimuli

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24
Q

unconditioned stimuls

A

evokes an unconditioned response without prior conditioning

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25
conditioned stimulus
elicits a response only after learning has taken place
26
unconditioned response
unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus
27
Conditioned reponse
a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
28
Syndrome
a group of symptoms which consistently occur together
29
Disease
a disorder of structure or function and is not simply a direct result of physical injury
30
psychological disorder
syndrome markedd by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
31
Symptoms
sensation felt by an individual
32
Sign
visible to the naked eye ex. bruises
33
Course
the length of time of a disorder
34
Prognosis
a prediction of the course of a disease
35
onset
the chronological age at which symptoms of a disease or disorder first appear in an individual
36
Etiology
study of the cause of disease
37
supernatural tradition
deviant behavior as a battle of good vs. evil
38
Biological tradition
explanation of psychological dysfunction that primarily emphasizes brain disorder or illness as the cause
39
Psychological tradition
Explanation of human behavior and its dysfunction that emphasizes the influence of the social environment
40
moral theory
an explanation of what makes an action right/what makes a person good
41
Psychoanalytic tradition
condlicts between id and superego fixation in a psychosexual stage of development Carl Jung Alfred Adler Erik Erikson
42
Behavioral tradition
strong emphasis on learning anti-mentalism John B. Watson
43
Psychoanalysis
Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
44
law of effect
Throndike's rule that behaviors which have positive outcomes tend to be repeated
45
Assumption og healthy normality
humans are, by nature, psychologically healthy
46
Reductionism
to analyze a complex phenomenion in terms of the interactions of its parts
47
Problems with Reductionism
Stifles scientific progress fails to account for interacting influences of context
48
Emergent phenomena
process in which complex phenomena arise through interactions of simpler pehenomena that do not display the same properties
49
One dimensional model
explains behavior in terms of a single cause
50
multi-dimensional model
explains behavior in terms of multiple causes
51
Diathesis-stress model
a diagnositic model that proposes that a disorder may develop
52
Gene-environment correlational model
genetic differences in exposure to particular environments
53
dominant and recessive
dominant gene in pair overrtides recessive gene
54
epigenetics
study of environmental influences on gene expression that cocur WITHOUT A a dna change
55
Axon
extension of neuron,pass messages to other neurons
56
Dendrites
brnachlike part of neurons that recieve information
57
synapse
junction between the axon tip and the dendrite
58
Action potential
a brief electircal charge that travels down an axon
59
neurotransmitters
chemicals the transmit information from one neuron to another
60
autonomic nervous system
Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands. Peipheral nervous system
61
parasympatheic nervous system
rest and digest
62
somatic nervous system
controls body's skeletal muscles peripheral nervous syste
63
learned helplessness
the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control
64
effects of social relationships
strong social ties are linked to a longer life
65
equifinality
different causes leads to one outcome
66
multifinality
same cause leads to different outcomes
67
diagnosis
process of determining weather a particular problem affecting the individual meets criteria for a psychological disorder
68
structured interview
fixed set of questions. pro: good at getting info con: awkward
69
semistructured interview
a guided open-ended interview pro: ask whatever you want
70
behavioral assessment
evaluating the client's thoughts, feelings and behaviors
71
reliaility
measure of repeated test or observation
72
categorical approach
diagnosis is categorical, and a person is either in the cateogry or not
73
dimensional approach
consider psychological disorders along a continuum
74
prototypical approach
provides essential characteristics but allows for variation
75
DSM - %
76
psychological tests
procedures used to evaluate personality traits, emotional states,
77
comborbidity
the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in an individual
78
hypothesis
a testable prediciton
79
independent variable
variable that is manipulated
80
dependent variable
variable that is being measured
81
internal validtiy
cause-and0effect infrences from a study
82
external valdity
we can generalize findings to real-world settings
83
correlation
a meaure pf the relationship between two variables
84
causation
event occur in predictiable ways that one event leads to another
85
replication
repeasting research to determine the extent to which findings generalize across time and situations

Abnormal Psychology Exam 1 (2 decks)

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