Exam 1

Question 1

Trace and label the embryological brain at the 5 vesicle stage.

Answer 1

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Mesencephalon
Myelencephalon

Question 2

Name 3 structures in the mature brain (any major brin regions, specific nuclei, Tracy’s, ect.) that develop from each of these 5 vesicles.

Answer 2

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

Question 3

Prosencephalon

Answer 3

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
(Forebrain)

Question 4

Mesencephalon

Answer 4

Mesencephalon
(Midbrain)

Question 5

Rhombencephalon

Answer 5

Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
(Hindbrain)

Question 6

Telencephalon

Answer 6

Medial longitudinal fissure
Cerebral cortex
Amygdala

Question 7

Diencephalon

Answer 7

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 8

Mesencephalon

Answer 8

Superior colliculi
Inferior colliculi
Cerebral aqueduct

Question 9

Metencephalon

Answer 9

Cerebellum
Pons
Fourth ventricle

Question 10

Myelencephalon

Answer 10

Medulla oblongata
Dorsal column
Olives

Question 11

Medial longitudinal Fissure

Answer 11

Separates the left and the right hemispheres

Question 12

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 12

Involved in higher central processing such as Decision making, learning, language, memory, reasoning emotions and thought.

Question 13

Amygdala

Answer 13

Involved in emotional responses such as the formation of memories from emotions.

Question 14

Epithalamus

Answer 14

Connects the limbic system to the rest of the brain and is also involved in the secretion of melatonin from the pineal glands

Question 15

Thalamus

Answer 15

The main relay station for signaling across the brain.

Question 16

Hypothalamus

Answer 16

In charge of motivation and homeostatic regulation of the brain

Question 17

Superior colliculi

Answer 17

Involved in the orientation of the head/eye movement when processing peripheral visual stimuli

Question 18

Inferior colliculi

Answer 18

Involved in the head/ear movement when detecting peripheral auditory stimuli

Question 19

Cerebral aqueduct

Answer 19

Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles and is a ventricular conduit for cerebrospinal fluid

Question 20

Pons

Answer 20

The bridge of the brain to the spinal cord and also involved in the control of eye movement.

Question 21

Cerebellum

Answer 21

involved in regulating eye and limb movement more specifically for proprioception of the limbs such as precision and coordination.

Question 22

Fourth ventricle

Answer 22

Connects the cerebral aqueduct to the obex and has a major role in cerebrospinal fluid production (as it contains the largest amount of choroid plexus

Question 23

Medulla oblongata

Answer 23

Responsible for functions of the autonomic nervous system such as heart beating and lungs breathing

Question 24

Dorsal column tubercules

Answer 24

In the dorsal area of the medulla and part of the dorsal column medial lemniscal system

Question 25

Olives

Answer 25

Contain neurons that are a large source of afferent information for the cerebellum

Question 26

Ventricular system

Answer 26

Lateral ventricles Intraventricular foramen 3rd ventricle Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) 4th ventricle Central canal

Question 27

Lateral ventricle

Answer 27

Anterior horn atrium Body Inferior horn Posterior horn

Question 28

Basal plate develop into?

Answer 28

Ventral horns of spinal cord Motor nuclei in the brain stem Function:motor signals

Question 29

Alar plate develops into?

Answer 29

Dorsal horn in spinal cord Sensory nuclei in the brainstem Function: sensory signals

Question 30

3 non-cranial nuclei that migrate away from the alar or basal plate

Answer 30

Inferior olivary nuclei: in medulla Pontine nuclei: in Pons Red nucleus: midbrain

Question 31

Inferior olivary nuclei

Answer 31

Medulla Auditory

Question 32

Pontine nuclei

Answer 32

Pons Skilled movement control

Question 33

Red nucleus

Answer 33

Helps control movement

Question 34

4 structures in telencephalon that form c shape due to proliferation of cells in this embryological subdivision

Answer 34

Cerebral cortex Lateral ventricles Caudate nucleus Corpus callosum

Question 35

Dorsal root ganglion neuron

Answer 35

Sensory afferent information (Axons enter spinal cord through dorsal rootlet Ascend through dorsal column to brainstem for perception)

Question 36

Ventral root neuron

Answer 36

Motor efferent information

Question 37

3 types of association cortex in temporal lobe

Answer 37

Auditory association cortex Visual association cortex Olfactory association cortex

Question 38

Ventricular system

Answer 38

Telencephalon: anterior horn,atrium,body, interventricular foramen Diencephalon: 3rd ventricle Mesencephalon: cerebral aqueduct Metencephalon: 4th ventricle Myelencephalon: central canal

Question 39

Primary motor cortex

Answer 39

Pre Central gyrus Where the corticospinal tract comes from

Question 40

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 40

Post central gyrus Where the dorsal medial lemniscal system ends up at

Question 41

Coronal section of spinal cord

Answer 41

Grey matter inside Intermediate zone middle White matter outside Lateral column (corticospinal tract) Dorsal column (dorsal column medial lemniscal system)

Question 42

Anita Medicated Late Intramuscular Middle finger Reticle

Answer 42

Anterior group Medial group Lateral group Intralaminar nuclei Midline nuclei Reticular nucleus

Question 43

Dorsal column medial lemniscal system

Answer 43

Ascending Primary somatosensory cortex Axon in internal capsule (telencephalon) Thalamus (vpl) Axon in medial lemniscus Dorsal column nucleus and sensory decussation Axon in dorsal column Dorsal root ganglion neuron Peripheral sensory receptor 3 neurons

Question 44

Corticospinal tract

Answer 44

Descending Primary motor cortex Axon in internal capsule(mesencephalon, cerebral peduncle, basis pedunculi) Axon in pyramid (medulla level) Decussation of corticospinal tract (at pyramids)(medulla) Motor neuron Skeletal muscle Lateral column 2 neurons