exam 1 Flashcards
(38 cards)
1
Q
intensive property
A
independent of the amount of matter present (density, boiling point, color)
2
Q
extensive property
A
dependent upon the amount of substance present (mass, volume, energy)
3
Q
kilo
A
K, 10^3
4
Q
centi
A
C, 10^-2
5
Q
milli
A
m, 10^-3
6
Q
micro
A
M, 10^-6
7
Q
nano
A
n, 10^-9
8
Q
1 cm^3 =
A
1 mL
9
Q
1 km = (m)
A
100 m
10
Q
1 m = (cm)
A
100 cm
11
Q
1 cm = (mm)
A
10 mm
12
Q
1 kg = (g)
A
1000 g
13
Q
1 g = (mg)
A
1000 mg
14
Q
1 L = (mL)
A
1000 mL
15
Q
°C + _____ = K
A
273.15
16
Q
significant figures rules:
A
- all nonzero digits are significant
- zeros between two sig figs are significant
- zeros at the beginning of a number are never significant
- zeros at the end of a number are significant if a decimal point is written in the number
17
Q
dalton’s postulates:
A
- each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms
- all atoms of a given element at identical to each other in mass and other properties, but they are different from atoms of other elements
- atoms of an element are not changed (into atoms of other elements)/created/destroyed by chemical reactions
- compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine. a given compound always had the same number and kind of atoms
18
Q
alpha particles
A
positive
19
Q
beta particles
A
negative
20
Q
gamma rays
A
neutral
21
Q
dalton
A
atomic theory
22
Q
JJ thompson
A
electrons and their charge, mass ratio
23
Q
millikan
A
charge on an electron, their mass
24
Q
henry becquerel
A
radio activity
25
rutherford
a,b,y radiation, gold leaf experiment to show presence of nucleon, coined the word proton
26
james chadwick
neutrons
27
isobars
nuclides of different elements with same mass number
28
1A
alkali metals
29
2A
alkaline earth metals
30
6A
chalcogens
31
7A
halogens
32
8A
noble gases
33
allotropes
exist in more than one form in nature (oxygen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur)
34
cations
"-ion": positive, formed by metals
35
anions
"-ide": negative, formed by nonmetals
36
writing formulas:
- the charge on the cation becomes the subscript of the anion and vice versa
- charges should neutralize
- always make sure subscripts are in the smallest ratio
37
"-ide"
monoatomic
38
"-ate"
compound (anion)
