Exam 1

Question 1

The variation of genes in a group of a species; higher diversity means better resistance to stress or disease.

Answer 1

Genetic Diversity

Question 2

The number of species in an area.

Answer 2

Species Diversity

Question 3

The number of ecosystems in an area.

Answer 3

Ecosystem Diversity

Question 4

Define the term “system.

Answer 4

inputs with outputs.

Question 5

Food, water, pollination, species diversity, and cultural values are all benefits that humans draw from an ecosystem and/or are important to their proper functioning. These are known as:

Answer 5

ecosystem services

Question 6

Environmental scientists study

Answer 6

-Simple and complex interrelated natural and human systems.
-Food production and water resources.
-Global issues like species extinction, climate alterations, and resource consumption.
-Ecosystems and changes (from both natural and human sources) in those systems.

Question 7

At which trophic level are eagles that consume fish that eat algae

Answer 7

secondary consumers

Question 8

Water, DNA, proteins, and sugars are all examples of

Answer 8

Compounds necessary for life.

Question 9

What is the environment?

Answer 9

Sum of all conditions surrounding us that influence life

Question 10

Nonliving

Answer 10

abiotic

Question 11

Living

Answer 11

biotic

Question 12

Inputs

Answer 12

energy,matter

Question 13

actions

Answer 13

energy,material conversions, energy, material storage

Question 14

outputs

Answer 14

energy,matter,heat

Question 15

Ecosystem

Answer 15

physical area on the earth surface

Question 16

ecosystem services

Answer 16

benefits humans, get it from ecosystem

Question 17

food production

Answer 17

supply of grains is expected to decline, unpredictable weather productions +growing human population

Question 18

Resource depletion

Answer 18

human population grows, resources for survival become depleted

Question 19

eutrophication

Answer 19

fish kills, harmful bacteria, damage to resources

Question 20

Scientific method

Answer 20

Observe/question
Form testable hypothesis/prediction
collect data/conduct experiment to test prediction
interpret results
disseminate findings

Question 21

replication

Answer 21

taking repeated measurements

Question 22

sample size

Answer 22

the number of times the measurement is repeated

Question 23

accuracy

Answer 23

how close measured value is to actual/true value

Question 24

precision

Answer 24

how close the repeated measurement is to one another

Question 25

steady state

Answer 25

inputs=outputs

Question 26

atom

Answer 26

smallest particle that can exist; everything is made up of atoms

Question 27

compound

Answer 27

substance made up of two or more atoms of different elements chemically bonded together (H2O)

Question 28

molecule

Answer 28

two or more atoms bonded together

Question 29

photosynthesis

Answer 29

performed by plants, algae, bacteria

Question 30

respiration

Answer 30

performed by all organisms

Question 31

consumers

Answer 31

heterotrophs;must consume other organisms

Question 32

herbivores

Answer 32

primary consumers

Question 33

carnivores

Answer 33

secondary consumers

Question 34

food chain

Answer 34

sequence of consumption from producer through tertiary consumer (producer-primary-secondary-tertiary)

Question 35

trophic level

Answer 35

position by which an organism occupies a food chain (producer-1, primary-2, secondary-3, tertiary-4)

Question 36

Food web

Answer 36

accounts for multiple food chains/complex relationships between organisms

Question 37

Decomposers

Answer 37

fungi, bacteria that break down organisms by recycling nutrients and waste back into ecosystem

Question 38

detrivores

Answer 38

organisms that break down dead tissue and waste

Question 39

ecosystem productivity

Answer 39

amount of energy available in ecosystem (determines GPP)

Question 40

Net primary Productivity (NPP)

Answer 40

energy captured minus energy respired by producers

Question 41

biomass

Answer 41

total mass of all living matter in specific area

Question 42

ecological efficiency

Answer 42

proportion of consumed energy that can be passed from one trophic level to another

Question 43

biosphere

Answer 43

combination of all ecosystems on earth

Question 44

hydrologic cycle

Answer 44

movement of water through biosphere

Question 45

carbon cycle

Answer 45

movement of carbon through biosphere

Question 46

nitrogen cycle

Answer 46

movement of nitrogen through bioshphere

Question 47

biogeochemical cycle

Answer 47

movement of matter within/between ecosystems

Question 48

phosphorous cycle

Answer 48

movement of phosphorous through biosphere

Question 49

species richness

Answer 49

number of species in given area

Question 50

species evenness

Answer 50

how dominant one species is/equally abundant multple scpecies are in an ecosystem

Question 51

categories of endangerment

Answer 51

least concerned, near-threatened, threatened, extinct

Question 52

reduced biodiversity is due to

Answer 52

deforestation, invasive species, over-harvesting

Question 53

invasive species

Answer 53

exotic species that live outside their historical range/spread rapidly across large areas

Question 54

biosphere reserves

Answer 54

protected areas consisting of zones that vary in the amount of permitted human impact (738 reserves in World)

Question 55

Core

Answer 55

- innermost zone of planet, largely nickel+iron

Question 56

mantle

Answer 56

-above the core, contains magma

Question 57

crust

Answer 57

-outermost layer of the planet

Question 58

rock cycle

Answer 58

constant formation+ destruction of rock

Question 59

weathering

Answer 59

rocks are exposed to air, water, chemicals, or biological agents that degrade rock

Question 60

physical weathering

Answer 60

breakdown of rocks and minerals without altering chemical composition

Question 61

frost action (thaw)

Answer 61

water gets into cracks of rock, freezes, and pushes rock to break; creates potholes too

Question 62

erosion

Answer 62

physical removal of rock fragments from a landscape or ecosystem