exam 1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Oligodendrocytes
Myelination in the CNS
Schwann cell
Myelination in the PNS, Role in neural regeneration
Microglia
Immune system responsibilities role in cell death, synapse formation, and synapse elimination
Astroglia
Largest glial cells perform multiple functions
Cell Body
It is almost circular and contains a spherical nucleus in its center, the metabolic center of the neuron
Dendrites
Branches that arise from the tip of the projections in the cell body, they are short processes and receive most of the synaptic contacts from other neurons
Cell Membrane
the semipermeable layer that encases the neuron
Axon
The long, narrow string-like part of a neuron that projects from the cell body
Axon Hillock
the cone-shaped region at the junction between the axon and the cell body
Myelin
the fatty insulation around axons
Nodes of Ranvier
the gaps between sections of myelin where the axon exposed
Buttons
bulbous endings of the axon branches, which release chemicals into synapses
Synapses
the gaps between adjacent neurons across which chemical signals are transmitted
Endoplasmic Reticulum
a system of folded membranes with rough portions containing ribosomes
Cytoplasm
the clear internal fluid of cell
Ribosomes
internal cellular structure on which proteins are synthesized
Golgi Complex
a connected system of membranes that package molecules in vesicles
Nucleus
the spherical DNA containing membrane bound structure of the cell body
Mitochondria
sites of aerobic respiration (oxygen-consuming energy release)
Microtubules
responsible for rapid transport of material throughout the cell
Synaptic Vesicles
spherical membrane packages that store neurotransmitter molecules ready for release
Neurotransmitters
molecules that are released from active neurons and influence the activity of other cells
Spinal Chord
long column of nerve tissue that connects many parts of the body to the brain
