Exam 1

Question 1

What is a normal RBC range for women.?

Answer 1

4.2-4.87 * 10^12/L

Question 2

What is a normal RBC range for men.?

Answer 2

4.71-5.14 * 10^12/L

Question 3

What is the blended normal RBC range.?

Answer 3

4.2-6.1 * 10^12/L

Question 4

What is the normal range for Hgb in women.?

Answer 4

11.7-15.5

Question 5

What is the normal Hgb range for men.?

Answer 5

13.2-17.3

Question 6

What is the blended normal Hgb range.?

Answer 6

12.0-18.0

Question 7

What is the normal Hct range for women.?

Answer 7

38-44%

Question 8

What is the normal hct range for men.?

Answer 8

43-49%

Question 9

What is the normal blended range for hct.?

Answer 9

37-52%

Question 10

What are the types of anemia.?

Answer 10

-Sickle cell anemia
-Pernicious anemia
-Folic acid deficiency anemia
-Iron deficiency anemia
-Hemolytic anemia
-Aplastic anemia

Question 11

What are the causes for general anemia

Answer 11

-Massive/chronic blood loss
-Impaired production of RBC
-Increased destruction of RBC

Question 12

Causes of Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 12

-Inadequate iron intake
-Malabsorption of iron
-Excessive blood loss
-Dialysis
-Lead ingestion

Question 13

What type of RBC is seen in iron deficiency anemia.?

Answer 13

Microcytic

Question 14

Dietary sources of Iron

Answer 14

-Meat
-Fish
-Poultry

Question 15

What aids in the absorption of iron

Answer 15

Vitamin C

Question 16

S/S of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 16

-Glossitis
-Chelitis
-HA
-Paresthesia
-General s/s of anemia

Question 17

What labs are seen with iron deficiency anemia.?

Answer 17

-Decreased Hgb & Hct
-Increased TIBC
-Decreased serum iron & transferrin saturation

Question 18

Conceptual concerns of iron deficiency anemia. Why.?

Answer 18

O2 & Nutrition

Because pt has low Hgb so oxygen carrying capability is decreased. And because the pt is not getting enough iron in the diet/absorption of iron is faulty.

Question 19

Pediatric S/S of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 19

-Irritability
-Anorexia
-Tachycardia
-Murmur
-Poor muscle tone
-Porcelain-like skin
-Edema
-Stunted growth
-Delayed learning

Question 20

S/S of lead poisoning in children

Answer 20

-Hyperactivity
-Lethargy
-Impulsiveness
-Irritability
-Hearing impairment
-Learning difficulty

Question 21

Causes of pernicious anemia

Answer 21

-GI surgery/Diseases
-Deficient intrinsic factor
-Vegetarian diet

Question 22

S/S of pernicious anemia

Answer 22

-Numbness in hands and feet
-Sore, beefy red tongue
-Anorexia
-N/V
-Abdominal Pain

Question 23

What do labs look like in pernicious anemia

Answer 23

-Decreased H&H
-Decreased B12
-Increased MMA

Question 24

What do RBC look like in pernicious & Folic Anemia.?

Answer 24

Macrocytic

Question 25

Conceptual concern for pernicious anemia. Why.?

Answer 25

Safety & Nutrition Because numbness and tingling in hands and feet can lead to injury. & because the pt is not getting/Absorbing enough B12 for proper functions of RBC

Question 26

What can be given for pernicious anemia.?

Answer 26

-Cobalamin injections

Question 27

Dietary sources of B12

Answer 27

-Meat -Fish -Poultry -Eggs -Dairy products -Soy milk -Tofu -Cereals

Question 28

Causes of Folic acid deficiency anemia

Answer 28

-Alcohol -Drugs

Question 29

What do labs look like in folic acid anemia.?

Answer 29

-Decreased H&H -Decreased folate level

Question 30

Dietary sources of folic acid

Answer 30

-Fortified flours -Grains -Cereals -Wheat germ -Liver -eggs -Green leafy veggies -Legumes -Bananas -Oranges

Question 31

Conceptual concern of folic acid anemia. Why.?

Answer 31

O2 & Nutrition ⬇️Hgb means less oxygen carrying capacity and decreased oxygen available for bodily processes. & pt is not getting enough folic acid in diet.

Question 32

Causes of Aplastic anemia

Answer 32

-Fatty bone marrow -⬇️ blood cell production

Question 33

Aplastic anemia leads to:

Answer 33

Pancytopenia

Question 34

What is pancytopenia.?

Answer 34

Low amounts of all blood cells found in bone marrow: RBC, WBC, & Platelets

Question 35

S/S of aplastic anemia/pancytopenia

Answer 35

-Ecchymosis -Petechiae -Bleeding -Tachycardia/ HF

Question 36

What do labs look like in aplastic anemia and pancytopenia.?

Answer 36

-⬇️ platelets -⬇️ WBC -⬇️ H&H -⬇️RBC

Question 37

Treatments for aplastic anemia

Answer 37

-Bleeding prevention/Precautions -Platelet transfusion -Infection prevention -Packed RBC transfusion -Bone marrow transplantation

Question 38

Conceptual concerns for aplastic anemia. Why.?

Answer 38

Clotting, Infection, O2 Due to a severe decrease in WBC and platelets the pt is at high risk for infection, as well as bleeding. Want to give anticoags, antiplatelets, and implement neutropenic precautions. As with all anemias ⬇️Hgb means less oxygen carrying capacity and decreased oxygen available for bodily processes