Exam 1

Question 1

Beck Cognitive Therapy

Answer 1

problems like depression result from clients illogical thinking about themselves and the world around them

Question 2

ABC theory of personality

Answer 2

A=activating event; B=belief system; C=emotional consequence; intervention: D=disputing the irrational behavior at B; E=a new emotional consequence/an effective new philosophy on life

Question 3

Albert Ellis Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy

Answer 3

Therapy technique designed to help clients discover and change the irrational assumptions that govern their emotions, behaviors, and thinking

Question 4

Alderian therapy

Answer 4

• therapy tries to understand patient’s style of life and reorient patient to a more adaptive life style
• assuming responsibility, creating ones own destiny, finding meaning and goals to create purposeful life

Question 5

Altruism

Answer 5

allows clients to gain a sense of value and significance by helping other group members

Question 6

Beck is associated with

Answer 6

being less directive and confrontational (uses more open-ended Qs)

Question 7

Becoming Multiculturally competent

Answer 7

• Become aware of your own biases, values, cultural norms, and expectations
• *****Attempt to understand the world from your client’s vantage point
• Gain a knowledge of the dynamics of oppression, racism, discrimination, and stereotyping
• Study the historical background, traditions, and values of your client and be open to learning from him/her
• Expand your vantage point to explore your client’s ways of life that are different from your own
• Develop an awareness of acculturation strategies

Question 8

behavior therapy

Answer 8

therapy that applies learning principles to elimination of unwanted behaviors

Question 9

bibliotherapy

Answer 9

the use of self-help books and other reading matierals as a form of therapy

Question 10

blaming trap

Answer 10

some clients are caught up in “who’s to blame” for a specific issue

Question 11

Catharsis

Answer 11

the process of releasing, and providing relief from strong or repressed emotions

Question 12

choice therapy

Answer 12

Developed by Glasser; All behavior is chosen and is Total Behavior, which is made up of four components: acting, thinking, feeling and physiology; Belief that we only have control over our emotions by how we choose to act/think.

Question 13

cognitive behavioral approaches

Answer 13

goal setting, association and dissociation

Question 14

CBT

Answer 14

action therapy in which the goal is to help clients overcome problems by learning to think more rationally and logically

Question 15

cognitive distortions

Answer 15

inaccurate and irrational automatic thoughts or ideas that lead to false assumptions and misinterpretations

Question 16

cognitive homework

Answer 16

a concept from Beck CT that views the client as capable of making objective interpretations of his or her behavior, with the collaboration of the therapist

Question 17

dichotomous thinking (Beck)

Answer 17

cognitive error; the tendency to think in terms of polar opposites—that is, in terms of the best and worst—without accepting the possibilities that lie between these two extremes. The term has been used to characterize the tendency of people with major depressive disorder to view mildly negative events as extremely negative

black and white thinking (all or nothing thinking)

Question 18

different types of traps (miller)

Answer 18

Question Answer, taking sides, expert, labeling, premature focus, blaming

Question 19

Donald Meichenbaum CBM

Answer 19

focuses on identifying dysfunctional self-talk in order to change unwanted behaviors

Question 20

existential factors

Answer 20

The group is able to help individual members take direction of their own lives and accept responsibility for the quality of their existence.

Question 21

experiential therapy

Answer 21

A therapeutic approach that emphasizes the value of the therapist’s realness in interacting with a family.

Question 22

expert trap

Answer 22

The clinical error of assuming and communicating that the counselor has the best answers to the client’s problems

Question 23

family systems therapy

Answer 23

emphasizes an understanding of the roles of each family member and how the family functions as a system (this method is usually conducted with all members of the family, but it can be practiced individually)

Question 24

feminist therapy

Answer 24

focuses on women’s issues and strives to help women achieve greater personal freedom and self-determination

Question 25

gestalt therapy

Answer 25

form of directive insight therapy in which the therapist helps clients to accept all parts of their feelings and subjective experiences, using leading questions and planned experiences such as role-playing

Question 26

goal of CT

Answer 26

To change the way clients think by using their automatic thoughts to reach the core schema and begin to introduce the idea of schema restructuring

Question 27

group cohesiveness

Answer 27

qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking between members sharing goals

Question 28

imparting of information (yalom)

Answer 28

participants receive formal teaching by the leader or advice from peers

Question 29

instillation of hope

Answer 29

The leader shares optimism about successes of group treatment, and members share their improvements.

Question 30

interpersonal learning

Answer 30

The group offers many and varied opportunities for interacting with other people. Insight is gained regarding how one perceives and is being perceived by others.

Question 31

issues faced by beginning therapists

Answer 31

Dealing with anxieties. Being oneself and self-disclosing. Avoiding perfectionism. Being honest about limitations. Understanding silence. Dealing with demands from clients. Dealing with clients who lack commitment. Tolerating ambiguity. Avoiding losing oneself in one’s clients. Developing a sense of humor. Sharing responsibility with the client. Declining to give advice. Defining one’s role as a counselor. Learning to use techniques appropriately. Developing one’s own counseling style.

Question 32

labeling and mislabeling (cognitive distortion)

Answer 32

portraying one’s identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one’s true identity

Question 33

labeling trap

Answer 33

the clinical error of engaging in unproductive struggles to persuade clients to accept a label or diagnosis

Question 34

magnification and minimization

Answer 34

distortions of thinking in which a person blows a negative event out of proportion to its importance (magnification) while ignoring relevant positive events (minimization)

Question 35

narrative therapy

Answer 35

A postmodern approach to therapy that is based on the therapist’s personal characteristics that allow for creating a climate that encourages clients to see their stories from different perspectives. Grounded in a philosophical framework, narrative practices assist clients in finding new meanings and new possibilities in their lives.

Question 36

overgeneralization

Answer 36

the tendency to interpret a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat and failure

Question 37

person-centered therapy

Answer 37

Therapy method in which the client, rather than the counselor, primarily directs the course of discussion, seeking self-discovery and self-responsibility.

Question 38

post-modern approaches

Answer 38

Social constructionism, solution focused brief therapy, narrative therapy

Question 39

premature focus trap

Answer 39

The clinical error of focusing before engaging, trying to direct before you have established a working collaboration and negotiated common goals.

Question 40

psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 40

this therapy approach uses various methods to help a patient become aware of his or her unconscious motives and to gain insight into the emotional issues and conflicts that are causing difficulties

Question 41

psychodynamic approach

Answer 41

how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

Question 42

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 42

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight

Question 43

psychoeducational methods

Answer 43

Remove blame.
Education.
Encourage helping.
Contracting.
Survival Skills Workshop.
Training with family.
Lowering expectations.

Question 44

question answer trap

Answer 44

only using questions that solicit closed responses, such as “yes” or “no” answers. therapist in control, client in passive role

Question 45

rational emotive imagery

Answer 45

the client imagines s/he is in a situation which has traditionally caused emotional disturbance; then imagines changing the feelings via rational, logic, scientific thought

Question 46

reality therapy

Answer 46

a method of analysis developed by Glasser to help clients focus on the present rather than past experiences

Question 47

REBT

Answer 47

a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

Question 48

REBT techniques

Answer 48

Uses ABC model to debunk irrational thinking. Involves identifying activating event and faulty belief that contributes to the consequence/self-defeating behavior. Counselor and student work to challenge faulty assumptions which leads to change in emotional/behavioral response.

Question 49

Schema

Answer 49

core beliefs which cognitive therapists hypothesize play a central role in the maintenance of long-term psychiatric problems

Question 50

selective abstraction (beck)

Answer 50

Cognitive distortion that focuses on attending to detail while ignoring the total context

Question 51

shame-attacking exercises

Answer 51

A strategy used in REBT therapy that encourages people to do things despite a fear of feeling foolish or embarrassed. The aim of the exercise is to teach people that they can function effectively even if they might be perceived as doing foolish acts.

Question 52

socialization techniques

Answer 52

understanding social development through tolerance, empathy, boundaries and conflict resolution; feedback and instruction

Question 53

social microcosm

Answer 53

A phenomenon in group therapy whereby the relationship tendencies that characterize clients’ relationships with important people in their personal lives predictably characterize the relationships they form with their fellow group members

Question 54

solution focused therapy

Answer 54

Steve de Shazer’s term for a style of therapy that emphasizes the solutions that families have already developed for their problems.

Question 55

taking sides therapy

Answer 55

as you argue for one side of the argument, the offender will naturally argue for the other side, creating a rift

Question 56

therapeutic factors in group therapy (yalom)

Answer 56

Instillation of hope
Universality*
Imparting information
Altruism
Socialization techniques
Imitative behavior (social microcosm)
Interpersonal learning*
Group cohesiveness*
Catharsis
Existential factors

Question 57

Universality

Answer 57

Helps members realize they are not alone with their impulses, problems, and issues