Exam 1 Flashcards

Question

How to: Toggle

Answer 1

o Administer oral fluids  -> o Be aware of milk veins on the abdomen.  -> o Cast cow onto right side and roll cow onto her back.  -> o Rock the cow & push knee into side of abdomen to allow abomasum to ‘float’ up to anatomical location -> o Determine location of abomasum by pinging.  -> o Place two toggle sutures to pexy abomasum to ventral wall.  -> o Let air out and use something to break pressure of suture on skin.  -> o Roll the cow onto left side and let cow up

Answer 2

o Flunixin meglumine IV  -> o Make incision on right paralumbar fossa.  -> o Determine if there is LDA.  -> o Deflate LDA using needle and tube as much as possible.  -> o Return abomasum to anatomical location   o Grab greater omentum and pull pylorus to incision.  -> o Find the sow’s ear.  -> o Pexy pylorus (partial thickness) to body wall  (full body wall thickness) as low as possible.  -> o Close first layer with omentum.  -> o Close rest of layers and skin

Answer 3

o Proximal paravertebral block   o Distal paravertebral block   o Inverted L block   o Line block  

Answer 4

Reasons * Muscular hypertrophy * Prolonged gestation * Inappropriate crossbreeding or premature breeding of heifers * Cow- narrow birth canal (relatively oversized calf) * An irreducible uterine torsion  * An incomplete cervical dilatation Pain Management * Epidural 6 ml 2% Lidocaine * IV flunixin meglumine * Distal paravertebral +line block behind the last rib Approaches * Standing paralumbar * Recumbent ventral midline * Ventorlateral * Standing L oblique Post-op care * Systemic & intra abdominal antibiotics * IV fluids * Oral fluids * Meloxicam

Answer 5

o Incise -> o The uterus may be manipulated up to the incision and exteriorized. -> o Incise into the uterine horn using an envelope opener -> o Expose one or two legs of calf and place chains -> o Gently pull the calf -> o Extend the incision as needed -> o Check calf is doing well once on ground -> o First layer- simple continuous-#2 catgut -> o Second layer-inverting pattern without penetration of the wall (Modified Cushing suture pattern)

Answer 6

Umbilical stump evaluation o Reducible, heat, painful, red skin? o Leaking urine = most likely patent urachus o Fever, off feed, signs of colic, straining to urinate Diagnostics * Ultrasound to look for loops of bowel (hernia) * OR hyperechoic debris (abscess)

Answer 7

Hernia Repair * 1 to 3 cm (1 finger) manual stimulation belly band * 4 to 5 cm (2 finger) belly band, irritant injection, surgery * > 5 cm (3 finger) surgical Belly Band * Wrap brown gauze, vet wrap, or elastikon around waist * Check every 10 days Post-op Care * Confine 10-14 days * Antibiotics if field surgery or open abdomen * Flunixin or meloxicam * Belly band if severe

Answer 8

Direct * through facia of abdominal wall Indirect * through inguinal ring, within vaginal tunic

Answer 9

Taping Method * 1” Elastikon “Figure 8” around legs after castration * Puts pressure on inguinal rings * Remove tape in 4-5 days Surgery * Performed prior to castration * Incision over external inguinal ring -> * Blunt dissection down to testis and spermatic cord -> * Visualize intestines in vaginal tunic -> * Twist spermatic cord and milk intestines back into abdomen -> * Transfixation ligature around spermatic cord -> * Close inguinal ring

Answer 10

o Caused by straining due to many underlying causes Treatment * Caudal epidural then -> * Replace & purse string (cattle) OR * Peri-rectal counterirritant & purse string (small Rs & camelids) OR * (Sub)mucosal Resection & purse string (only if needed) OR * amputation (avoid!) * maintain soft feces w/ MgOH or mineral oil * flunixin * remove purse string in 5-10d Short Tail Rectal Prolapse Repair o Ram – 1 ml oxytetracycline injected around rectum at 12, 3, 6, 9 o’clock o Ewe – 12, 3, 9 o’clock Rectal prolapse amputation & anastomosis o Prolapse out for too long, unable to replace, or damaged tissue

Answer 11

Front * Most * Medial claw most Hind * Less than front * Lateral claw most

Answer 12

Amputation * Cheaper * Short recovery time * Shorter lifespan * Moderate skill Arthrodesis * Expensive * Recovery 2-3mo * Drainage dependent on aftercare * High technical skill needed

Answer 13

o Clip & scrub o Bier block o Disarticulate between PI & PII OR o Cut through with wire at distal PI or proximal PII o Place wooden block on other foot to keep from weight bearing Post-op Concerns * Septic tendon sheath * Poor granulation tissue * Breakdown of other claw

Answer 14

o Clip/scrub o Bier block o Drill through distal navicular/coffin joint o Currette out dead bone o Flush & pack (every 2-3 days) o +/- cast Post-op Concerns * Persistent sepsis * Pain * Wound management * Eventual immobilization of coffin joint

Answer 15

o Clip, scrub, block o Hemostasis VERY important

Answer 16

Pain * Flunixin IV Q12 * Meloxicam PO Q24 * Gabapentin PO 8-12 Antibiotics * Nuflor – good bone penetration * Excede – labeled for foot rot * Oxytetracycline - labeled for foot rot

Answer 17

Signalment o Male, castrated o High grain diet o High alfalfa diet Clinical Signs o General o Straining o Vocalization Diagnosis o imaging

Answer 18

Clip urethral process o avoid sx Tube cystostomy * gold standard * Fully removes stones & don’t damage anatomy Percutaneous Tube cystostomy * cheaper, high risk/less reward * Trochar into body wall & bladder Perineal Urethrostomy * permanent, high risk/reward o Bladder marsupalization (last resort) o Vescicular Preputial Anastamosis (last resort) o Permanent Tube Cystostomy (last resort)

Answer 19

Reasons * Mastitis * Neoplasia/hyperplasia * CAE * Precocious Udder (hormone related) Vessels * Pudendal * Caudal mammary

Answer 20

Radical * More expensive * Time consuming * Constant hemostasis * No more udder * Completely scoop out mammaries * 4 leaf clover closure w/ drains Physiologic * Cheaper * Quick * Less traumatic * find vessels & put zip ties around them -> 6-8wks tissue atrophy

Exam 1 Flashcards

(44 cards)