Exam 1

Question 1

Atomic number

Answer 1

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 2

Atomic mass

Answer 2

The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 3

Valence shell

Answer 3

The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of an atom

Question 4

Ion

Answer 4

An atom or molecule w a net charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

Question 5

Isomers

Answer 5

Same molecular formula but different structure

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

An atom that has the same amount of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons, therefore have different chemical properties

Question 7

Solute

Answer 7

Substance being dissolved

Question 8

Solvent

Answer 8

A substance that has the ability to dissolve the given solute to form a new solution

Question 9

Hypothesis

Answer 9

Suggested explanation for an observation, which can be tested

Question 10

Tonicity

Answer 10

Amount of solute in a solution

Question 11

Biology

Answer 11

The study of living organisms and and their interactions w one another and their environments

Question 12

Eukaryote

Answer 12

Cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and several membrane bound organelles

Question 13

Prokaryote

Answer 13

Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles

Question 14

Nucleus of a cell

Answer 14

Cell organelle that houses dna and directs ribosome and protein synthesis

Question 15

Nucleus of an atom

Answer 15

Core of an atom, contains protons and neutrons

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

Powerhouse if the cell, responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, and the production of ATP

Question 17

Plasma membrane

Answer 17

Controls what enters and leaves the cell, composed of phospholipid bilayers

Question 18

Cell wall

Answer 18

Only in plant cells, provides structural support and gives shape to the cell, PROTECTS the cell

Question 19

Golgi apparatus

Answer 19

Eukaryotic organelle comprised of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids and proteins for transportation

Question 20

Ribosome

Answer 20

Cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis

Question 21

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

Series of interconnected membranous structures with eukaryotic cells that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids

Question 22

Lysosome

Answer 22

Organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cells digestive component, it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides,lipids, nucleus acids, and even worn out organelles

Question 23

Chloroplast

Answer 23

Plant cell organelle that Carrie’s out photosynthesis

Question 24

Enzyme

Answer 24

A protein that acts as a catalyst, speeds up chemical reactions

Question 25

Substrate

Answer 25

A reactant in a chemical reaction

Question 26

Active site

Answer 26

Enzymes specific region to which a substrate binds

Question 27

Energy of activation

Answer 27

The energy needed for a reaction to occur

Question 28

Kinetic energy

Answer 28

Energy type that takes place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism

Question 29

Potential energy

Answer 29

Energy type that has potential to do work, stored energy

Question 30

ATP

Answer 30

Adenosine triphosphate, the cells energy currency, needed to function properly

Question 31

Osmosis

Answer 31

Diffusion of water from low to high solute

Question 32

Diffusion

Answer 32

Molecules diffuse from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 33

Facilitated transport

Answer 33

Process by which material moves down a concentration gradient using integral membrane proteins

Question 34

Active transport

Answer 34

Method of transporting material through a membrane that does not require energy

Question 35

Concentration gradient

Answer 35

Area of high concentration adjacent to an area of low concentration

Question 36

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 36

The formation of larger molecules from smaller reactants, accompanied by the loss of a water molecule

Question 37

Hydrolysis

Answer 37

Is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks down one or more chemical bonds

Question 38

Monomer

Answer 38

A molecule that can be bonded to other identical monomers to form polymers

Question 39

Polymer

Answer 39

A substance or material consisting of very large molecules and macromolecules

Question 40

Saturated

Answer 40

Containing the greatest number of hydrogen atoms

Question 41

Endergonic

Answer 41

Reactions that need energy input

Question 42

Exergonic

Answer 42

Reactions that release energy

Question 43

Conservation of energy

Answer 43

A principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be altered from one form a to another

Question 44

Selective permeability

Answer 44

Membrane function that allows certain objects to pass through

Question 45

Name all 3 domain

Answer 45

1. Eukaryotic 2. Bacteria 3.Archea

Question 46

Components of hierarchy

Answer 46

Atom → molecule → macromolecule → cell → organelle→tissues →organ→ organsystem → organisms → population → community→ ecosystem → biosphere

Question 47

Bond between the H and O within water molecule

Answer 47

Hydrogen bond

Question 48

Bond between the H of one water molecule and the o of another molecule

Answer 48

polar covalent bond

Question 49

Bond between a Positive and negative ion

Answer 49

Ionic bond

Question 50

Bond between the carbonyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another

Answer 50

Peptide bond

Question 51

What elements are in all organic molecules?

Answer 51

Carbon and hydrogen

Question 52

What organic molecules have the formula ch20?

Answer 52

Lipids

Question 53

Non-polar organic molecule?

Answer 53

Lipids

Question 54

Hydrophobic organic molecules?

Answer 54

Lipids

Question 55

What is composed of amino acids?

Answer 55

Proteins

Question 56

Are composed of poly-peptide chains?

Answer 56

Amino acids

Question 57

What happens to a red blood cell when placed a hypertonic solution?

Answer 57

It shrinks

Question 58

What happens in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 58

Swell

Question 59

What about in a isotonic solution?

Answer 59

Stay the same

Question 60

Structure of the plasma membrane

Answer 60

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. It has phospholipid bilayers, lipids and proteins. Outside is Pilar heads, hydrophilic and the inside is made up of non-polar heads, hydrophobic (loves fat). In order for molecules that are to large to pass through you need proteins to break them down to pass through the membrane.

Question 61

What do the columns of the periodic table indicate?

Answer 61

Valence electrons in the valence shell

Question 62

What do the rows indicate?

Answer 62

Valence shells

Question 63

Swallowing debris or pathogens

Answer 63

Phagocytosis

Question 64

ISO

Answer 64

Same

Question 65

Poly

Answer 65

Many

Question 66

Hyper

Answer 66

More

Question 67

Hypo

Answer 67

Less

Question 68

Macro

Answer 68

Big

Question 69

Micro

Answer 69

Small

Question 70

Lysis

Answer 70

Something is broken down

Question 71

Hydro

Answer 71

Water

Question 72

-Ase

Answer 72

Enzyme

Question 73

-Ose

Answer 73

Sugar

Question 74

-Cyro

Answer 74

Cell

Question 75

Bond between the 2 hydrogen atoms of a hydrogen molecule

Answer 75

Non polar covalent bond