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limnology > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of a lake

A

size based definitions: surface area, depth or zonation

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2
Q

Glacial lakes

A

74% of lakes, nutrient rich. formed from ice barriers or glacial erosion. Continental glaciers moved rocks and sediment to change the landscape.

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3
Q

Tectonic lakes

A

~5% of lakes. Often U or V shaped basins. Deep and unproductive. have GRABENS: flat bottom valleys produced by tectonic plate activity

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4
Q

Volcanogenic lakes

A

«1% of lakes. low nutrient concentrations and unproductive. deep usually old

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5
Q

Karst Regions

A

Lakes formed by soluable rocks (limestone or dolomite) that dissolves with acidic water. Small and unevenly distributed around the world

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6
Q

Riverine lakes

A

oxbow lakes: form when bends in a river become isolated due to errosive forces of rivers, usually shallow and oddly shaped

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7
Q

Floodplain lakes

A

form due to seasonal fluxes in water levels in a river basin

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8
Q

littoral zone

A

margin of lake to depth where no plants can grow

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9
Q

limnetic zone (palagic zone)

A

open water, no shore visible

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10
Q

benthic zone

A

bottom zone associated with sediments

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11
Q

profundal zone

A

deep region of the benthic, no light, fine sediments

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12
Q

limnetic zone

A

photic zone

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13
Q

profundal zone

A

aphotic zone

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14
Q

Epilimnion

A

top layer, warmer and lighter

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15
Q

Metamnion

A

medium temperature medium light

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16
Q

hypolimnion

A

dark, cold

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17
Q

meromictic lake

A

so deep that there is no single temperature, layer at the bottom never mixes

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18
Q

dimictic

A

2 mixing events per year

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19
Q

monomictic

A

mixes once a year

20
Q

what enables mixing?

A

shallow waters, large fetch, lack of ice cover, lack of sheltering topography, large meteorological events (hurricanes)

21
Q

catchment

A

area of land that drains into an aquatic system

22
Q

seepage lakes

A

isolated. no inlets or outlets

23
Q

drainage lakes

A

connected, inlets and outlet streams

24
Q

lowland drainage lakes

A

connected, have inlets and outlets

25
Q

drained lakes

A

no inlet streams. have an outlet

26
Q

terminal lakes

A

has an inlet with no outlet

27
Q

oligotrophic

A

little nutrients and phytoplankton

28
Q

mesotrophic

A

some algae in late summer, shallow plants, some sediment buildup

29
Q

eutrophic

A

lots of nutrients and phytoplankton, lots of chlorophyll a making it green, shallow

30
Q

Trophic state index (TSI) based on what perameters

A

water clarity, chlorphyll a, total nitrogen, total phosphorus

31
Q

water year

A

October 1-September 30

32
Q

recharge lakes

A

lakes that are above the water table

33
Q

flow-through lakes

A

lakes that receive and discharge groundwater

34
Q

discharge lakes

A

lakes that are below the water table, only groundwater is their input

35
Q

closed basin lakes

A

endoheric, no surface flows, long residence times

36
Q

open basin lakes

A

exorheric, surface outflows, evaporation

37
Q

el nino southern oscillation

A

last 9 months to two years, occurs every 3-7 years

38
Q

Morphometry

A

quantifies the size, shape, and physical dimensions of a lake

39
Q

What types of lakes are circular

A

caldera

40
Q

what types of lakes are lunate

A

oxbow shape formed from river bends

41
Q

what types of lakes are dendrictic

A

most commonly formed from dammed rivers

42
Q

Bathymetric Map

A

Shows underwater topography using contours of equal depth (isobaths)
Historically created by sounding using a weighted line lowered until it hit the bottom

43
Q

Modern methods for creating bathymetric map

A

echo sounding GPS, side scan sonar, dropping the boat into a large body of water

44
Q

Shoreline development index

A

a measure of how complex the shoreline of a lake is relative to expected if the lake was a perfect circle
D= 1 means the lake is a perfect circle

45
Q

Fetch

A

Simplest measure of fetch is the longest possible distance across which wind can blow
This can be expanded to effective fetch, which adds in the relative direction of dominant winds a lake experiences
Fetch influences wave action, which
influences bottom sediment mixing in lakes, which influences the depth of the thermocline and epilimnion in lakes`

46
Q

Sieche

A

is a standing wave and in an enclosed body of water

limnology (1 decks)

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