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Cardiopulmonary > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

cardiopulmonary system is made up of what systems?

A

cardiovascular
circulatory
pulmonary

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2
Q

purposes of cardiopulmonary system

A

transport O2 to tissues
remove CO2 waste from tissue
regulate body temp and metabolism

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3
Q

2 major adjustment of blood flow during exercise

A

increase CO
redistribution of blood flow

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4
Q

blood flow from heart to lungs

A

heart
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
heart

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5
Q

epicardium

A

outside of heart (lubricative)
blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, nerve fibers

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6
Q

myocardium

A

muscular contractions

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7
Q

endocardium

A

protective inner lining of chambers and valves
endothelial tissue and collagenous fibers

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8
Q

blood flow through heart

A

R. Atria
R. AV valve (tricuspid)
R. Ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
L. Atria
L. AV valve (bicuspid)
L. ventricle
Aortic valve
aorta

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9
Q

contraction phase of cardiac cycle

A

systole
ejection of blood

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10
Q

relaxation phase of cardiac cycle

A

diastole
filling with blood

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11
Q

parasympathetic nerves and neurotransmitters

A

vagus nerve
acetylcholine

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12
Q

sympathetic nerves and neurotransmitters

A

thoracic spinal nerves
norepinephrine
epinephrine

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13
Q

what does sympathetic trunk innervate?

A

ventricles to increase strength of contraction

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14
Q

PSNS ganglion position

A

ganglion is further from spinal cord

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15
Q

SNS ganglion position

A

ganglion runs next to spinal cord along sympathetic trunk

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16
Q

incomplete vs complete SCI

A

depends on if ANS is compromised

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17
Q

SNS impacts on HR

A

inc. bloodstream catecholamine levels
vasoconstriction
elevate HR

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18
Q

PNS impacts on HR

A

direct innervation via vagus nerve
constant acetylcholine activity
lower HR

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19
Q

ECG measures

A

electrical activity not contraction

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20
Q

SA node

A

pacemaker
initiates depolarization

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21
Q

AV node

A

passes depolarization to ventricles
delay for refilling

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22
Q

bundle branches

A

between left and right ventricle

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23
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

in ventricles

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24
Q

AV bundles

A

so atria and ventricles dont contract at same tome

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25
P wave
atrial depolarization
26
QRS complex
ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
27
T wave
ventricular repolarization
28
Diastole pressure
pressure in ventricles is low filling with blood from atria
29
When do AV valves open?
when ventricular pressure is lower than atrial pressure
30
Systole pressure
pressure in ventricles rises blood ejected in pulmonary and systemic circulation
31
semilunar valves open when
ventricular pressure is greater than aortic pressure
32
pulmonary semilunar valvee
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
33
right AV valve
prevents back flow from right ventricle into right atria
34
left AV valve
between left atria and left ventricle
35
aortic semilunar valve
connects left ventricle to aorta
36
how to valves help blood flow
create pressure differences between the chambers so that blood flow from high to low and prevents back flow
37
first heart sound
closing of AV valves
38
second heart sound
closing of aortic and pulmonary valves
39
cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute HR * SV
40
stroke volume
amount of blood ejected each beat EDV-ESV
41
EDV
volume of blood in ventricle at the end of diastole
42
ESV
amount of blood remaining after ejection
43
MAP
cardiac output * TPR pressure thee heart must pump against to eject blood
44
afterflow
what the heart has to pump against to get blood to circulate to periphery
45
3 controllers of SV
changes in preload changes in contractility changees in afterload
46
increase in EDV
stretch of peri and myocardium increase venous return to inc SV
47
increase in contractility
SNS increase epinephrine and norepinephrine in circulation which increases strength of contraction
48
increase in afterload
pushing against a lot of pressure makes heart work harder mechanism to develop HTN
49
which artery blockage is worse
left anterior descending because it supplies 70% if left ventricle
50
systolic pressure
maximum anterior pressure
51
diastolic pressure
minimum anterior pressure
52
pulse pressure
SP-DP
53
MAP
DP + 1/3 (SP-DP)
54
blood flow
change in pressure/ resistance moves from high to low pressure
55
MAP throughout systemic circulation
decreases with biggest drop in arterioles
56
blood flow resistance depends on
length of vessel viscosity radius of vessel
57
high viscosity blood
dehydration or on a diuretic
58
order of ventilation
trachea bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts alveolar sac
59
respiration
gas exchange in alveoli
60
ventilation
contraction and relaxation allowing air in and out
61
functions of respiratory system
provide O2 eliminates CO2 and hydrogen ions speech defends against microbes dependent on chemoreceptors
62
steps of respiration
O2 in lungs is low so O2 diffuses in then O2 diffuses into blood and CO2 diffuses out O2 goes through blood to tissues and diffuses down concentration gradient
63
is inspiration passive or active
active because diaphragm contracts
64
is expiration passive or activee
either but usually passive
65
restrictive
getting air in
66
obstructive
pushing air out
67
respiratory cycle pressure
increased in cavity size changes pressure gradient (diaphragm )
68
what does pulse oxygen measure
hemoglobin saturation

Cardiopulmonary (3 decks)

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