Exam 1

Question 1

Macromolecules

Answer 1

Lipids, carbohydrates, protein, nucleic acid

Question 2

Lipids

Answer 2

Hydrophobic, loosely defined, “fat” &
“Oil” No charges No polar bonds usually means a lot of carbon & hydrogen.

Question 3

4 types of lipids

Answer 3

Fatty acids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids

Question 4

Do fatty acids have long hydrophobic tails

Answer 4

Yes & a carboxylic acid group

Question 5

Fatty acids can

Answer 5

Have any length in carbon chain & is also able to have carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 6

Saturation

Answer 6

Saturation deals with how many hydrogen atoms are present

Unsaturated fatty acids can add hydrogen if the double bond is taken out

Question 7

Saturated

Answer 7

Solid

Question 8

Unsaturated

Answer 8

More kinks in a molecule due to its shape

Question 9

Poly saturated

Answer 9

Less solid more liquid like

Question 10

Saturated fatty acid melting points

Answer 10

18°C → 70°C
16°C → 63°C
12°C → 44°C

Question 11

Unsaturated melting point

Answer 11

1 unsaturated → 16°c
2 unsaturated → 5°C
3 unsaturated → - 11°C

Question 12

Triglycerides

Answer 12

Most common
Major lipid in diet

Question 13

Phospholipids

Answer 13

Key component of all biological membrane built from 2 fatty acids + glycerol+ phosphate + hydrophilic head group

Question 14

Steroids

Answer 14

4 fused rings
Cholesterol
Abundant in animals

Question 15

Carbohydrates

Answer 15

“Hydrates of Carbon” = lots of carbon & water
Sugars very hydrophilic
- ose suffix

Question 16

Ketone

Answer 16

Middle of molecule

Question 17

Aldehyde

Answer 17

end of molecule

Question 18

During hydrolysis, water

Answer 18

Is consumed

Question 19

Condensation

Answer 19

Water expelled

Question 20

Macromolecule condensation (dehydration) reactions

Answer 20

Allow for two monomer to be joined by removing H & OH

Question 21

Non Superimposable mirror image

Answer 21

Like hands

Question 22

Glucose has carbon atoms that are

Answer 22

Chiral

Question 23

Amphipathic

Answer 23

Dual Phillic / phobic

Question 24

If hydroxyl is down

Answer 24

It is alpha

Question 25

If hydroxyl is up

Answer 25

Beta

Question 26

6 carbon

Answer 26

Hexose

Question 27

Aldehyde

Answer 27

Aldose

Question 28

Disaccharide & polysaccharides

Answer 28

Are monosaccharides

Question 29

Carbohydrates → polysaccharide

Answer 29

Metabolizable by humans

Question 30

Starch

Answer 30

-> mostly found in plants with for branches Linked in alpha 1→ 4 linkages Few branches

Question 31

Cellulose

Answer 31

Non-metabolizable by humans Found in plant all walls Beta 1→ 4 linkages No branches

Question 32

Glucose

Answer 32

Animal storage form of glucose mostly glucose joined with alpha1 → 4 linkage Some alpha 1 → 6 linkage "Bushy"

Question 33

Functional group

Answer 33

Group of atoms that provides or imparts a specific function to a an Carbon skeleton

Question 34

Amino acids

Answer 34

Hydrogen Amino acids Acid groups R side Central carbon

Question 35

Sequence of amino acids determine

Answer 35

Protein structure which determine protein

Question 36

Lower PH means

Answer 36

Higher hydrogen concentration which makes the amine more likely to probate

Question 37

Protonated

Answer 37

Idea that hydrogen is a proton