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exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

pre term weeks

A

20-36

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2
Q

full term weeks

A

> 37

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3
Q

first trimester

A

1st day of LMP -13w6d

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4
Q

2nd tri

A

14-27

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5
Q

3rd tri

A

28w- birth

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6
Q

normal BW

A

2500-4000g

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7
Q

3 trends in US

A

increase in preterm
increase in SGA/IUGR babies
increase in high birth weight LGA

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8
Q

the 2 most important predictors for an infants health and survivial is

A

gest age and birth weight

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9
Q

leading cause of death among neonatal period

A

congenital abnormalities

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10
Q

major cause of reproductive loss is

A

genetic and congenital d/os

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11
Q

how many xsomes? how many pairs

A

22 pairs + x (MOM) and 22 pairs and x or y (DAD)

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12
Q

dominant vs recessive

A

Dominant: 1 allele (GENE) will cause phenotype to be present
- Recessive: 2 alleles (GENE) required for the phenotype to present itself

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13
Q

aneuploidy

A

trisomy 21 down syndrome 47 xsomes

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14
Q

turner syndrom

A

monosomy - missing xsome

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15
Q

who is affected in autosomal dominant

A

both equally

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16
Q

who is most affected in autosomal recessive

A

both equally

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17
Q

x linked recessive disorders affect who

A

men more

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18
Q

when are babies most suseptible to teratogens

A

first 8 weeks

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19
Q

goal of preconception counseling

A

make sure couple is in best state of health before counseling

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20
Q

where does fertilization happen

A

zygote

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21
Q

where does fertilization happen

A

ampulla of fallopian tube

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22
Q

describe embryonic dev. cascade

A

Autosomes (body cells) divide by Mitosis.
Gametes (sex cells) divide by Meiosis

union of sperm and ovum form the zygote -< cell division continues to form the morula (16 cells) -> inner cell mass is blastocyst/embryoblast which is the embryo-> outer cell is trophoblast which is the placenta and the implantation occurs 6 days post conception into endometrium

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23
Q

describe implantation

A

Implantation (embedding of blastocyst into decidua) occurs around day 5 or 6,
generally in upper third of uterus
Once pregnant, endometrium continues to thicken and secrete glycogen.
HCG prohibits further ovulation – this is hormone detected by pregnancy tests

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24
Q

when does heart form

A

3rd week of gestation

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25
embryonic stage is when
day 15 to week 8
26
what is embryonic stage
major body organs complete , amniotic sac and fluid and umbilical cord and placenta are formed
27
what is amniotic fluid
proteins, carbs, lipids, electrolytes, cells, lanugo, vernix
28
polyhydraminos vs oligohydraminos
poly = > 2L / oligo = <300mL
29
6 functions of amniotic fluid
cushions fetus promotes fetal movement maintains body temp barrier to infection promotes lung dev allows cord to be free from compression
30
umbilical vein carries
oxygenated blood from placenta to the fetus
31
umbilical arteries carry
oxygen poor blood from fetus to placenta
32
what is 3 vessels
1 vein and 2 arteries
33
placenta is formed by
chorion
34
placenta function
metabolic -resp, nutrition, excretion and storage
35
placenta formed by
3rd week from maternal and fetal tissue
36
placenta becomes fully functional
around 8-10 weeks of gestation
37
hcg
stimulates corpus luteum to secrete estrogen and progesterone
38
hcs
preparation of mamillary glands for lactation
39
relaxin
increases skeletal flexibility
40
progesterone
supports endometrium and relaxes smooth muscle
41
estrogen
promotes enlargment and vascularity of organs
42
f
f
43
oxygenated blood from mother via umbilical vein is
shunted from lungs and transported to brain and heart
44
ductus venosus
connects umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava to deliver O blood
45
foramen ovale
opening between R and L atria
46
ductus arteriosus
connects pulm artery to the aorta and skips the lungs
47
lungs dev.
mature by 35 wks
48
neuro forms
neural tube by week 4- brainwaves at week 8
49
GI forms
fetal swallow by week 20
50
renal formsed
urine production and excretion by week 9
51
repro forms
sex diff. by week 7
52
sensory forms
taste by week 30 , sound by week 24
53
integumentary forms
fat deposits present after 26 weeks
54
graviada vs para vs nuillgrava, nullipara
any pregnancy, # of births, never preg, never birth
55
formula for persons repro hx
G___P(t)____(p)___(a)____(L) G-how many # preg t- term birth anything after 37 weeks p - preterm births even deceased a- miscarriages L- living including twins and adpoted is 2
56
client is preg, 1 miscarriage at 16 weeks, 3 full terms, one was twins
5 times preg 3 full terms after 37 weeks no preterms 1 miscarriage 4 living G5-P3014
57
6 presumptive signs of preg
breast tenderness amenorrhea fatigue urinary freq n/v fetal movement
58
probable signs of preg 6
pos test chadwicks sign- blue cervix goodwells sign - soft cervix hegars - soft uterine ballotment - bouncy cervix braxton hicks contractions
59
when is chadwicks/goodwells/hegars present
6-8 weeksq
60
4 positive preg signs
fetal heart sounds ultrasound fetal movement by doctor
61
calculating due date
minus 3 months plus 7 days February 1 would be november 8
62
what vaccines not allowed in preg
MMR and varicella
63
how much folic acid in preg
0.4mg
64
screening vs dx test
screening is for low risk and dx for definitive
65
when should people consider genetic testing
family hx, personal hx, over 35
66
1 hr glucose tolerance is a
sreening test
67
diagnostic test example
3 hour GTT
68
measures rate and volume of blood in placenta
umbilical artery dopper flow
69
3 things in 1st tri ultrasound
location, HR, genetic test
70
2nd tri ultrasound
anatomy scan, placenta, AFI
71
3rd tri ultrasound
growth and AFI
72
AFP is
glycoprotein produced by fetus - which is drawn at 15 weeks to use as a screening tool for defects
73
multiple marker screening
SCREENING test that measures chemical markers to detect trisomies at 11-14 weeks
74
cell free dna test
SCREENING at 10 weeks for gene disorders
75
amniocentesis
DIAGNOSTIC test at 14-20 weeks for genetic test
76
when is amniotic fluid formed
14 weeks
77
chorionic villus sample
aspiration of placental tissue at 10-13 weeks - doesnt screen for NTD
78
percutaneous umbilical blood sample
needle aspiration of fetal blood for testing metabolic and hematological disorders
79
changes in preg are ___
hormonally mediated
80
uterus changes in preg
increases in size, weight, volume
81
cervix changes in preg
softens, increased vascularity
82
vagina changes in preg
inc vascularity, leukorrhea, more acidic
83
breast changes in preg
increase size, prolactin secreted
84
cardio changes in preg
supine hypotension normal but not hypertension increased fibrin, plasama fibrinogen , clotting factors hypercoagulability greater risk
85
resp changes in preg
tidal vol increased increased O2 consumption dyspnea and epistaxis common
86
renal changes in preg
everything is inc
87
MS changes in preg
softening of joints and ligaments, back pain, increased lordosis, diastastis recti (seperation of abd tissue)
88
GI changes in preg
acididc PH saliva smooth muscle relaxes heartburn
89
endocrine changes in preg
thyroid enlarges pituitary enlarges dec GH production increased prolactin and oxytocin increased cortiosol and aldosterone
90
integumentary changes in preg
increased pigmentation, melasma, linea nigra, striae gravidarum
91
every visit what should be done
maternal and fetal assessment
92
best pelvic shape for birth
gynecoid
93
3 prenatal vitamins needed
iron, folic, Ca
94
how much protein, and what minerals
25g omega 3, iron, Ca, fiber
95
assess fetal heart tones when
AFTEr 12th week
96
lab tests at 1st visit
urinalysis CBC, rubella and varicella status blood type, RH factor hep B syphillis screen pap test, cervical culture flu and covid vaccine
97
n/v interventions*
crackers at night, acupuncture bracelet,ginger
98
when can rhogam be admin
28 weeks if mom is RH neg
99
describe GTT
at 24 weeks - pt drinks 50g glucose within 5 min, dont eat for 1 hour, check glucose and if above 135!!!!! then 3 hour GTT
100
fetal kick assess
10 kicks in 1 hour
101
what to do if not 10 kicks in 1 hour
NST
102
NST
reactive if 15 beats for 15 seconds for 2 episodes over 20 min so if HR is 130, we want 145 for 15 seconds twice in 15 min
103
when should rubella non immune people get vax
after birth
104
most common cause of death in preg people
homicide
105
3 Qs to ask for cultural requests
is it safe, feasible and important to them

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