Exam 1 Flashcards
(53 cards)
1
Q
Horizontal is?
A
top-bottom
2
Q
Coronal is?
A
front-back
3
Q
Saggital is?
A
left-right
4
Q
Medial/Midsagittal is?
A
Middle
5
Q
Neuropsychology is the study of?
A
Studies damages in the brain caused by changes in behaviours and thoughts in humans
6
Q
Anterior is?
A
head
7
Q
Posterior is?
A
tail
8
Q
Superior is?
A
back
9
Q
Inferior is?
A
belly
10
Q
Medial is?
A
middle
11
Q
Lateral is?
A
side
12
Q
Ipsilateral is?
A
same side as subject
13
Q
Contralateral is?
A
Opposite side as subject
14
Q
Bilateral is?
A
Each side
15
Q
Proimal is?
A
Closer to
16
Q
Distal is?
A
Further away
17
Q
Afferent is?
A
towards brain - effects
18
Q
Efferent is?
A
away from brain
19
Q
Gyrus
A
Bumpy surface on cortex
20
Q
Sulcus
A
groves in cortex
21
Q
Fissure
A
Deep grove in cortex
22
Q
Longitudinal fissure separates what?
A
Corpus callosum
23
Q
Central sulcus separates what?
A
precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus (motor and sensory)
24
Q
Lateral fissure separates what?
A
frontal and temporal lobes
25
What are the frontal, temporal, and occipital poles?
Most extreme points of those lobes
26
Gray matter is?
cell bodies. They create nucleus
27
White matter is?
Axons and myelin. They create tracts
28
Reticular matter is?
Mixed cell bodies and axons. Net-like
29
Glial cells?
Astrocytes
microglial cells
oligodendrocytes
30
Astrocytes are?
star-shaped provides nutrients and structural support
31
Microglial cells are?
Smaller, help protect and defend
32
Oligodendrocytes are?
Insulators and signal transmission -myelin speeds up
33
Cortex contains? And is responsible for?
The 4 lobes
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
-thoughts, sight, motor, perception
34
Subcortical structures are? And are responsible for?
Below the cortex
thalamus
hypothalamus
pineal gland
-hormone regulation, respiratory, and growth
35
The brain stem includes and is responsible for?
on top of the spinal cord
midbrain- head movement
pons- bridge cerebellum to the brain, and balance
medulla oblongata- cranial nerves, reflexes/body control.
fourth ventricle -spinal fluid
- sleep-wake, respiration, facial movements
36
The cerebellum is for?
lower back of the brain
-balance, posture and coordination
37
Frontal lobe general functions?
Motor
executive functions
expressive language
38
Temporal lobe general functions?
Auditory preception
receptive language
memory
emotion response
39
Parietal lobe general functions?
somatosensory sensations and perception
sensory input
visuospatial
40
Occipital lobe general functions?
Vision
41
What are cortical connections?
-white matter tracts
association tract
commissures
projection tracts
42
Association tract?
same hemisphere
short and long association
43
Commissures?
between different hemispheres
corpus callosum
anterior commissure - thalamus and hypothalamus
44
Projection tracts?
cortical and subcortical
corona radiata - internal capsule at basal ganglia
45
Subcortical region: Diencephalon includes and is responsible for?
thalamus- central station
hypothalamus- behavioral control
mammillary bodies- cell bodies
pituitary- growth and development
pineal gland- a hormone system
third ventricle- fluid filed spaces
46
the ventricular system is?
production of spinal fluid and metabolic waste
47
What are the ventricles?
lateral- front top
third- midline
fourth- brain stem
- each produces spinal fluid
48
What are the ventricle connections?
Foramen of monro - lateral to third
cerebral aqueduct - third to fourth
foramen of magendie - fourth to spinal cord
49
what is choroid plexus?
Where spinal fluid is stored and made by blood cells
50
What is meninges, and what does it contain?
a layer of tissue around the brain for protection
it contains dura mater, which has two layers
51
cerebrovascular system?
supplies blood to the brain
52
What are the two major divisions of the cerebrovascular system?
Carotid system
-supplies to frontal
-right and left artery
Vertebral system
-spinal cord
-posterior supply
-circle of willis
53
What is the circle of Willis?
Where the arteries connect
-detects redundancies
