Exam 1

Question 1

definition of geography

Answer 1

the study of earth and the ways human beings interact with it and on it

Question 2

where does the term geography come from

Answer 2

the greek word, “earth description”

Question 3

whats the spatial perspective

Answer 3

space and place matter!

Question 4

definition of space

Answer 4

a definable area on earth

Question 5

definition of place

Answer 5

a specific space to which humans have imparted meaning

Question 6

what is key in geography

Answer 6

loacation

Question 7

what do geographers study

Answer 7

people and events with the element of location

Question 8

what two ways do geographers use discipline

Answer 8

systematically and regionally

Question 9

what does systematic geographers study

Answer 9

they focus on themes and topics

Question 10

what do environmental geographers study

Answer 10

natural and water resources environmental conservation climates and climate change hazards and disasters

Question 11

what do human geographers study

Answer 11

politics, human rights, international relations, people, cultures, and society, historical geography, economics and development

Question 12

what are some GIScience techniques

Answer 12

maps and mapping (cartography), GIS ( geographic information systems), satellite remote sensing, GPS ( global positioning system)

Question 13

what are the main systematic divisions

Answer 13

environmental and human geography

Question 14

what is environmental geography

Answer 14

study of the earth

Question 15

what is human geograpahy

Answer 15

study of human beings on earth

Question 16

what is GIScience

Answer 16

modern, technologically driven techniques that geographers use to study environmental and human geography

Question 17

definition of globalization

Answer 17

the interconnectedness of people and places through the converging processes of economic, political, and cultural changes

Question 18

what is the oldest concept in geography

Answer 18

human/environment interaction

Question 19

what are regions

Answer 19

areas of spatial similarity, transition zones

Question 20

definition of scale

Answer 20

dimensions of an area of study

Question 21

what does landscape refer to

Answer 21

human-modified environment

Question 22

RNI

Answer 22

number of births minus deaths

Question 23

CBR

Answer 23

number of births divided by population

Question 24

CDR

Answer 24

number of deaths divided by total population

Question 25

TFR

Answer 25

number of children born by women statistically

Question 26

how many people live as migrants

Answer 26

230 million people

Question 27

why do countries grow and decline

Answer 27

migration

Question 28

whats immigration

Answer 28

migration into a country

Question 29

whats emigration

Answer 29

migration out of a country

Question 30

what are some pull factors

Answer 30

refugee camps, better economic opportunity, abundant food or water

Question 31

what is a push factor

Answer 31

pushing people to leave at the same time a pull factor is attracting them

Question 32

what is the purpose of a population pyramid

Answer 32

used to examine a county's population structure

Question 33

what does a wide base, narrow top on a population pyramid show

Answer 33

that the population is fast growing

Question 34

what does a barrel shape population pyramid show

Answer 34

that the population is slowly growing

Question 35

what does a narrow base, narrow top and bulging middle on a population pyramid show

Answer 35

that there is negative growth

Question 36

what stage of demographic transition is there a low total population

Answer 36

preindustrial stage (stage 1)

Question 37

what stage of demographic transition is modern medicine and sanitation introduced

Answer 37

stage two: transitional

Question 38

what stage of demographic transition do the death rates fall and the birth rate is high

Answer 38

stage two: transitional

Question 39

what stage of demographic transition does the birth rate match the death rate

Answer 39

stage three: transitional

Question 40

what stage of demographic transition is there low death rate and low birth rate

Answer 40

stage four: industrial

Question 41

what stage of demographic transition is there a population decline

Answer 41

stage five: postindustrial

Question 42

what stage is the USA

Answer 42

stage four

Question 43

what stage is germany

Answer 43

stage five

Question 44

what is culture

Answer 44

it's learned, and shared. it is shared by a common group of people. culture is dynamic and is constantly changing

Question 45

what are abstract dimensions

Answer 45

values, language, manners, etc

Question 46

what are material dimensions

Answer 46

clothing, food, housing, etc

Question 47

what is folk culture

Answer 47

largely rural, changed slowly, no formal musical education

Question 48

what is ethnic culture

Answer 48

strong sense of tradition

Question 49

what is popular culture

Answer 49

urban-based culture, constantly changing

Question 50

what is world culture

Answer 50

international politics, large multinational corporations ex: McDonalds, smartphones

Question 51

geopolitics

Answer 51

describes and explains the close link between geography and political activity

Question 52

what does geopolitics focus on

Answer 52

the interaction between power, territory, and space, all at scales

Question 53

what is a nation

Answer 53

a large group of people who share numerous cultural elements

Question 54

what is a state

Answer 54

a political entity with territorial boundaries recognized by other countries and internally governed by an organizational structure

Question 55

whats a nation state

Answer 55

the homogenous cultural group which has its own political territory or country ex: Japan, South Korea

Question 56

whats a stateless nation

Answer 56

homogenous cultural group which does not have its own political territory or country ex: the Kurds, the Palestinians

Question 57

what is a multinational state

Answer 57

countries(states) with many individual homogenous cultural groups living inside ex: USA, African countries

Question 58

what is colonialism

Answer 58

the formal establishment of government rule over a foreign population

Question 59

what is decolonialism

Answer 59

the process of a colony gaining (or regaining) control over its territory and establishing a separate, independent government

Question 60

what is neocolonialism

Answer 60

economic and political strategies by which powerful states indirectly (and sometimes directly) extend their influence over other, weaker states

Question 61

when was the peak of colonialism

Answer 61

before the outbreak of world war one

Question 62

what does first world refer to

Answer 62

the united states and all of their democratic/ capitalistic allies

Question 63

who are the wealthiest countries on the globe

Answer 63

the "first world"

Question 64

what does the second world refer to

Answer 64

the soviet union (USSR) and all their dictatorship/communist allies

Question 65

who are middle class people known as

Answer 65

"second world"

Question 66

who does the "third world" refer to

Answer 66

leftover countries other than USA and USSR allies

Question 67

who are known as the poorest countires

Answer 67

"third world"

Question 68

what is development

Answer 68

structural changes in an economy and use of labor, capitol, and technology, usually leading to improvements

Question 69

what is growth

Answer 69

increase in the size of the system

Question 70

GDP

Answer 70

gross domestic product: total value of all goods and services produced within that country

Question 71

GNI

Answer 71

gross national income ex: the value of all cars produced by ford in the U.S. as well as the value of fords outside the U.S.

Question 72

GNI per capita

Answer 72

GNI divided by total population

Question 73

definition of life expectancy

Answer 73

average length of life expected at birth

Question 74

what is adult literacy rate

Answer 74

percent of adults who can read or write

Question 75

what does earth consist of

Answer 75

core, mantle, and crust

Question 76

whats the core consist of

Answer 76

nickel and iron; the center of the core is solid, the outer core is molten liquid

Question 77

whats the mantle consist of

Answer 77

solid rock

Question 78

what is earths crust made of

Answer 78

solid, cooled rock

Question 79

what are the two types of crust

Answer 79

oceanic and continental

Question 80

which crust is more dense

Answer 80

oceanic