Exam 1

Question 1

Distinguish between different types of government by inclusiveness

Answer 1

Autocracy- ruled by one person
Oligarchy- ruled by small group
Democracy- ruled by majority

Question 2

Distinguish between different types of government as evaluated by limitations on power

Answer 2

Totalitarianism- gov has no limits and eliminate rivals
Authoritarianism- gov has no limits but constrained by institutions
Constitutionalism- gov are constrained by codified rules

Question 3

Define politics

Answer 3

Politics is how we determine “who gets what, when, and how”

Question 4

Identify the main purposes of American government

Answer 4

They make, enforce, and interpret laws to protect citizens and provide services

Question 5

American Revolution- Thomas Hobbes

Answer 5

Believed government is necessary to maintain order

Question 6

American Revolution- John Locke

Answer 6

Believed all government is limited and all men are born free with life, liberty, and property

Question 7

American Revolution- Montesquieu

Answer 7

French political theorist who advocated for separation of powers

Question 8

Key compromises for constitution

Answer 8

Bicameral legislature- big and small states
Three-fifths compromise- north and south states

Question 9

American Revolution- Founding Fathers

Answer 9

Washington and John Adams- war leaders
Jefferson- wrote Declaration of Independence
Madison- political leader
Thomas Paine- common sense pamphlet
Alexander Hamilton- fought and built financial system

Question 10

Political efficacy

Answer 10

Citizen’s feeling that political and social change is possible

Question 11

Fundamental values of American political culture

Answer 11

Liberty, equality, and democracy

Question 12

Purpose of each branch of gov

Answer 12

Legislative- make laws, executive- signs/enforce laws, judicial- interpret laws

Question 13

Define bicameralism

Answer 13

Legislature with two branches

Question 14

Define separation of powers

Answer 14

Distinct functions for each branch of government

Question 15

Differences between Articles of Confederation and Constitution

Answer 15

Greater centralization of power in the national government

Question 16

Differences between Federalists and anti-federalists

Answer 16

Federalists- wanted strong government
Anti-federalists- wanted weak government and a Bill of Rights

Question 17

Define federalism

Answer 17

Power divided between central and regional

Question 18

Why a federation might be chosen as the best way to organize the powers of a government

Answer 18

Better for diverse ethnic groupings or geographically large countries

Question 19

Define reserved powers and where it is in the Constitution

Answer 19

10th amendment- reserved powers are those not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states

Question 20

Dual federalism

Answer 20

Both federal and state have exclusive control over areas

Question 21

Cooperative federalism

Answer 21

Expanded federal government power

Question 22

Regulated federalism

Answer 22

Congress requires states to meet national standards

Question 23

New federalism

Answer 23

Returns some power and flexibility to the states

Question 24

McColloch vs Maryland (1819)

Answer 24

Congress had legal right to charter a national bank

Question 25

Gibbons vs Ogden (1824)

Answer 25

National government controls interstate commerce

Question 26

Substantive vs procedural liberties

Answer 26

Substantive- limits on what gov can do Procedural- rules on how gov must act

Question 27

14th amendment

Answer 27

Applied Bill or Rights to states

Question 28

Barron vs Baltimore (1833)

Answer 28

Bill of Rights does not apply to state governments

Question 29

Plessy vs Ferguson

Answer 29

Separate but equal

Question 30

Brown vs Board of Education

Answer 30

Overturned Plessy vs Ferguson and fought discrimination

Question 31

Gideon vs Wainwright

Answer 31

Everyone has the right to an attorney

Question 32

Amendments ratified to the constitution post-Civil War

Answer 32

13th- abolished slavery 14th- equal protection under law 15th- voting rights for former slaves

Question 33

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 33

Public accommodations could no longer be segregated

Question 34

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 34

Banned use of literacy tests as condition to vote and made it a crime to interfere with efforts to vote

Question 35

Essay- Describe problems of Articles of Confederation which led to Constitution

Answer 35

Weak central gov and shays rebellion

Question 36

Essay- Compromises of constitution

Answer 36

Great compromise- bicameral legislature Three-fifths compromise- 60% of slave population when allocating seats in house of rep.

Question 37

Essay- separation of powers and federalism

Answer 37

Separation of powers- checks and balances Federalism- power divided between federal and states

Question 38

Essay- nationalization of Bill of Rights

Answer 38

14th amendment applied bill of rights to states Selective incorporation- liberties were selectively incorporated into due process clause and made applicable