exam 1 Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
Family definition
A
group of 2 or more people connected by blood/adoptions/marriage/choice who may rely on e/o for social/emotional/financial support
2
Q
family structure
A
number of people, relationships to e/o, demographic variables
2
Q
family structure
A
number of people, relationships to e/o, demographic variables
3
Q
nuclear family
A
1950-1965
4
Q
cult of forgiveness
A
post-war
higher wages, higher church attendance, higher social trust
5
Q
chosen families in response to…
A
lgbtq+ displacement
6
Q
family processes
A
what family members do to and for e/o
7
Q
family function shifts over time
A
from public to private
to more self-expressive values
8
Q
marriage shifts over time
A
love as a requirement is new
from business to love basically
9
Q
children shifts over time
A
from producers to economic dependents
10
Q
SNAF
A
standard north american family
white and middle class
11
Q
cultural relativism
A
allowance of other cultural practices around the globe as long as human rights aren’t violated
12
Q
privatization of the family
A
gradual separation of work life and home life
13
Q
critical for long lasting relationships
A
sharing of values
14
Q
all-or-nothing marriages
A
higher marriage quality expectations
GREAT marriage or NO marriage
15
Q
ages we are getting married at now
A
men: 30.6
women: 28.6
16
Q
peak of children born out of wedlock
A
2007-2008
17
Q
who stays longer: married couples or co-habiting couples?
A
married
18
Q
marriage rates: increased or decreased?
A
decreased
19
Q
divorce rates: increased or decreased?
A
decreased
20
Q
why are teen pregnancies decreasing?
A
2011
affordable care act
21
Q
definition of theory
A
general explanation of a phenomenon
22
Q
descriptive question
A
- What happens when…?
23
Q
predictive question
A
- Does living together prior to marriage predict the likelihood of divorce?
24
explanatory question
3. Why might cohabitation be linked to divorce? (????????)
25
Good Theory requirements (4)
1. explains phenomena in elegant/parsimonious way
2. organizes existing knowledge
3. draws attention to processes/guide measurement decisions
4. identifies specific predictions/hypotheses
26
definition of hypothesis
specific and testable (disconfirmable) statement of theory
27
Family Systems Theory
individuals have complex relationships and all aspects affect the experience (starts in Family of Origin)
28
Evolutionary Theory (2 parts)
1. sexual selection: traits that increase likelihood of successfully reproducing = dominant
2. parental investment: mating strategies tied to investments required for offspring's survival
29
Attachment Theory
early caregiver relationships shape trust and how we process info -- how we adjust socially/emotionally in adulthood
30
Bioecological Theory
individuals exist in multiple complex systems (Brofenbrenner)
31
analog
simulations of real life
32
operational definition
helps us clearly test a specific hypothesis (what is Happy? how much we smile a day?)
33
baseline assessment
measuring the dependent variable BEFORE the experiment
34
etic
outside perspective (a bias)
35
emic
inside perspective (a bias)
36
key development skill according to Erikson
intimacy
37
Triangular Theory of Love
passion - intimacy - commitment
38
5 Styles of Love
eros, ludus, storge, pragma, mania, agape (6?)
39
ideal love styles in western cultures
agape, consummate love, self-expansion love
40
hindsight bias
tendency to believe "knew it all along"
41
do scientists like data or wisdom
data
42
constructs
abstract ideas (love, health, poverty, well-being, etc)
43
operationalization
the translation of abstract idea into concrete terms so it can be measured and studied
44
self-reports
what to consider? (2)
cons? (2)
simplest, cheapest, most common
THINGS TO CONSIDER:
1. framing the question (pos/neg)
2. hidden assumptions (guilt/judgment)
CONS:
social desirability effects, sentiment override
45
systemic observation
cons? (2ish)
powerful results, expensive, time-consuming, picks representative behaviors
CONS:
hard to observe and interpret
46
construct validity
extent to which measure of construct is a good and valid measure
(reliable and valid = good)
47
when can you generalize findings to entire population?
if using a probability sample
48
experimental research requirement
controlling a variable or environment
49
cross-sectional study
correlational
data from many individuals at 1 point in time
50
longitudinal study
correlational
51
experimental studies need (4):
1. dependent variable
2. independent variable
3. a control
4. random assignment
52
Sternberg's Theory of Love
passion, intimacy, commitment
53
passion
romance, physical attraction, desire, arousal
ONLY = infatuation
54
intimacy
closeness, connectedness, bonding, warmth
ONLY = liking
55
commitment
1. decide to love
2. decide to maintain love
ONLY = empty love
56
uniqueness?
challenges mate value consensus
57
consensus and uniqueness when you get to know someone:
consensus decreases
uniqueness increases
58
Arthur Aron's Study
displayed:
gradual intimacy = more comfortable with vulnerability
(uses pheromones and hormones)
59
dominant personality types
dopamine
serotonin
testosterone
estrogen
60
dopamine personality attracted to
other dopamine
61
serotonin personality attracted to
other serotonin
62
testosterone personality attracted to
estrogen
63
estrogen personality attracted to
testosterone
64
dynamic attraction
charisma
65
how to become more attractive?
be comfortable/confident, network, answer the 36 questions, don't play (too) hard to get
66
evolutionary theory
preference in women
youth = fertility
average physical attractiveness means good health
0.7 hip to waist ratio
67
evolutionary theory
preference in men
social status (job title/networking)
financial status (current $ and characteristics for potential $)
commitment (support/car/raising kids)
68
passionate love: increase or decrease
decreases over time
69
companionate love: increase or decrease
increases over time
70
long distance relationships (5):
balance independence
allows us to ignore negatives
can signal higher commitment
make partner-time more special
engage in more relationship-focused conversation
71
Amount of Love (triangle)
how large is your triangle?
72
Actual vs. Ideal Love (triangle)
comparing the love you experience vs. the love you imagine
1. underinvolvement (not experiencing enough)
2. overinvolvement (wanting components in differing amounts at different times?)
3. misinvolvement (mishapen triangle)
73
Love in Partnerships (triangle)
how closely matched are
1. your triangle
2. your partner's triangle
partners tend to be more matched on the intimacy scale
74
married couples (as opposed to dating):
less passion
more commitment
equal intimacy
- husbands tend to feel less fulfilled by their wives
75
2 Primary Forms of Love
1. passionate/romantic love
2. companionate love
76
attachment style most linked with passionate love?
anxious
wanna be close, no trust apart
preoccupied with thoughts of person
77
cognitive aspects of passionate love
intense focused attention
obsessive thinking (intrusive, time-consuming, distracting)
78
emotional aspects of passionate love
euphoria, emotional dependency (make reciprocity important), increased energy
79
behavioral aspects of passionate love
seeking proximity, sexual bidding (optional)
80
physiological aspects of passionate love
symptoms resemble addiction, similar reward/motivation system
81
maintaining passion requires...
novelty
82
physiological aspects of companionate love
brain activity in caregiving/attachment
oxytocin levels: promotes bonding
vasopressin levels: associated with attachment
(both hormones also released in orgasm)
83
The Fundamental Principles of Interpersonal Attraction
4 direct rewards and 3 indirect rewards
84
4 direct rewards in relations:
gifts
interest/approval
affection
laughter
85
3 indirect rewards in relations:
things that connect ppl to us
offspring survival
physical attractiveness
86
incidental similarities
indirect
ex: sharing a bday
leads to feeling more connected to the other person
87
number-1 thing we look for in a partner
physical attractiveness
88
halo effect
we tend to assume attractive people are better people
89
matching hypothesis
we tend to match with people of same mate value
