Exam 1

Question 1

role strain

Answer 1

incompatibility among the roles corresponding to a single status

Question 2

role conflict

Answer 2

incompatibility among roles corresponding to two or more statuses

Question 3

3 insights that make up sociological perspective

Answer 3

seeing the general in the particular, seeing the strange in the familiar, and individual biographies are carried out within particular historical and social contexts

Question 4

seeing the general in the particular

Answer 4

sociology helps us see general patterns in the behavior of particular individuals

Question 5

seeing the strange in the familiar

Answer 5

we become used to norms that should be considered strange because we are socialized into our cultures

Question 6

biographies carried out within particular historical and social contexts

Answer 6

social forces shape individuals’ options and behaviors

Question 7

Durkheim theory on suicide

Answer 7

not based on individual action but rather social integration

Question 8

what does integration rates?

Answer 8

decrease

Question 9

if suicide was psychologically based

Answer 9

then suicide should be random

Question 10

agency

Answer 10

individuals making choices and being able to see the results

Question 11

structure

Answer 11

institutions around individuals that also shape behavior

Question 12

paradigm

Answer 12

overarching model of social life

Question 13

three theoretical frameworks

Answer 13

structural-functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic-interactionalism

Question 14

macro-level analysis

Answer 14

a concern with broad patterns that shape society as a whole

Question 15

micro-level analysis

Answer 15

focus on small-scale patterns of social interaction in specific settings

Question 16

functionalism and conflict theory are based in

Answer 16

macro-level analysis

Question 17

symbolic-interactionalism is based in

Answer 17

micro-level analysis

Question 18

structural-functionalist

Answer 18

sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability

Question 19

social structure

Answer 19

relatively stable pattern of social behavior

Question 20

structures

Answer 20

institutions

Question 21

examples of institutions

Answer 21

family, economy, education

Question 22

institutions are like organs in the human body

Answer 22

for the body to function properly, every organ must be healthy

Question 23

manifest functions

Answer 23

consequences both recognized and intended by people in society

Question 24

latent functions

Answer 24

consequences that are unintended and go largely unrecognized

Question 25

social dysfunctions

Answer 25

social structure's undesirable consequences for the operation of society

Question 26

conflict theory

Answer 26

sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change

Question 27

any social pattern

Answer 27

benefits some people while depriving others

Question 28

groups in society as seen as competing for

Answer 28

access to scarce resources

Question 29

power

Answer 29

groups who hold the upper hand generally have society's institutions working in their favor

Question 30

groups who have less power

Answer 30

fight to gain power and initiate social change

Question 31

inequality is often seen as a zero-sum game

Answer 31

one group gains power, then another must lose it

Question 32

who is the primary founder of conflict theory

Answer 32

marx

Question 33

marx believed that

Answer 33

interests of owners and workers are inherently opposed

Question 34

marx studied

Answer 34

capitalists (owners) v workers

Question 35

for capitalists to increase their profit

Answer 35

position of workers must decline

Question 36

for workers to gain advantage and power in a capitalist system

Answer 36

capitalists must lose something

Question 37

top -> down approach

Answer 37

macro-level analysis; social structure influencing people

Question 38

bottom -> up

Answer 38

micro-level analysis; people influencing social structure

Question 39

symbolic-interaction

Answer 39

sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals

Question 40

society is

Answer 40

socially constructed by interactions between people

Question 41

three premises of symbolic interaction

Answer 41

human beings act towards things based on their meaning, the meaning of things comes from the social interaction that one has with others, and meanings can change

Question 42

status

Answer 42

recognized social position that an individual occupies

Question 43

role

Answer 43

behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status

Question 44

identity

Answer 44

each status an individual occupies generates a certain identity

Question 45

self

Answer 45

feeling being connecting the various roles of identities individuals put forth in different situations

Question 46

identity salience hierarchy

Answer 46

we rank our statuses (social identities) in a hierarchy of importance

Question 47

different social situations and interactions

Answer 47

require us to rearrange our hierarchy

Question 48

GOT article

Answer 48

demonstrates that institutions can still go on after characters die if it's strong enough

Question 49

Positive Functions of the Undeserving Poor

Answer 49

even tho the poor are suffering, keeping them in poverty can have positive functions for the rest of soceity

Question 50

Savage Inequalities

Answer 50

unequal distribution of power. A public school in St. Louis does not get the same amount of funding that a public school in New York does

Question 51

New Succession

Answer 51

change school districts to allow whites to not be "pulled down by poor"

Question 52

Becker

Answer 52

have to control your experience with getting high in order to have a good meaning with it

Question 53

Sign-vehicles

Answer 53

"props" what we use to make our impressions

Question 54

impression management

Answer 54

how we portrait our selves