Exam 1 Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
Endoderm
A
The inner layer that lines the digestive tract
2
Q
Gastroderm
A
inner layer of cells that line the digestive tract
3
Q
Triploblastic
A
An animal with three cellular germ layers: Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
4
Q
apical
A
Top of cell
5
Q
Exocrine cells
A
A gland that makes substances sweat, tears, ect.
6
Q
Food vacuole
A
membrane-enclosed sac that functions to digest food
7
Q
Cnidocyte
A
Stinging cells only found in Cnidaria
8
Q
Choanoflagellate
A
The closest unicellular relatives of Metazoa
9
Q
flagellum
A
A slender threadlike structure used for locomotive
10
Q
ctene rows
A
Rows that hold very large cilia, ctene, for locomotion
11
Q
amebocytes
A
mobile cell that is found within the body of invertebrates
12
Q
gastrovascular cavity
A
a body cavity created by the endoderm layer; usually in Cnidaria
13
Q
Bilateral
A
Can be separated in the center and be equal on both sides
14
Q
Cephalization
A
Formation of head region
15
Q
Prostomate
A
a group of animals where the mouth is created before the anus
16
Q
Medusa
A
one of two body types in Cnidarians that looks like a jellyfish; functions to spread the gamates
17
Q
Colonial
A
A type of asexual reproduction where the constituent individuals are not completely separated and are connected by living extension of their bodies or a material that is secreted.
18
Q
Anthozoa
A
Cnidarians that have no medusa phrase
19
Q
Anemone
A
stinging polyps that live on the bottom of the sea
20
Q
Pharynx
A
Hollow tube inside the neck and created by a fold of the endoderm
21
Q
Cubozoa
A
A class of phylum full of only Box jellyfish
22
Q
hypostome
A
Appendage on the mouth
23
Q
gonads
A
Reproductive organ
24
Q
stylet
A
A small sharp probe around the mouth
25
Cerata
Horn like structures that are found externally on sea slugs
26
benthic
Living on the bottom of the sea
27
homologous characteristics
Characters in different organisms that are similar because they were inherited from a common ancestor that also had that character
28
Eidacarian
A time period that has the earliest representations of complex multicellular organisms
29
blastopore
Opening to the outside during gastrulation
30
ancestral
A trait that is homologous within a group of organism that come from a common ancestor
31
exoskeleton
Rigid envelope that supports and protects the soft tissues
32
complete gut
having both a mouth and anus that allows a one way flow of food
33
archenteron
A cavity within an animal embryo that has an entrance and forms the animal's ass and mouth. Then eventually becomes the stomach cavity
34
box jellyfish
A small transparent jellyfish that has a 20 foot long stingers that are deadly.
35
Littorina
Small sea snails aka periwinkles
36
Colisella
37
pollicipes
Goose neck barnacles
38
nematocyst
A large organelle within the cnidocytes to capture prey and defense
39
mesohyl
a thin layer set between the pinacoderm and choanoderm
40
diploblastic
Animals with only two layers; with a third inner layer formed by the ectoderm sometimes
41
basal
Ancestral organism
42
intracellular digestion
A form of digestion that tales place within the cytoplasm of the organisms
43
choanocyte
flagellated cells that help make up the inner surface of sponges( choanoderm)
44
pinacoderm
Outer surface cells of a sponge; made of pinacocytes
45
microvilli
Finger-shaped plasma membrane poking out from the surface of a cell and increases a cell's surface area for more absorption and secretion
46
cilia
Small slender hair-like structure on the surface of a cell and sweeps out dust and mucus
47
colloblasts
Unique multicellular structures within the tentacles of ctenophores to capture prey
48
spongocoel
A central cavity within sponges
49
acontia
threads at the base of polyps to protect them
50
radial symmetry
Formed similar to a cylinder, where there is one main axis where the various body are placed around
51
deuterstome
animals where the anus developed first
52
coelomate
Animals that have a body cavity called coelom
53
phagocytosis
eating by cell
54
polyp
non motile with cylindrical body and long stalk
55
asexual reproduction
Reproductive process that does not include the production and fusion of haploid cells
56
hydrozoa
Very small and predatory animals with some solitary and some colonial with asexual and sexual reproduction
57
scyphozoan
a class within the cnidarians that has a dominate medusa stage
58
myoepithelal cells
primitive muscle cells
59
coelenteron
gastrovascular cavity in in hydrozoan
60
gonozooid
A zooid specialized in reproduction
61
dactylozooid
a zooid that specialized in defense. usually having one tentacle.
62
spines (nematocyst)
63
Hermissenda
seas slugs
64
planktonic
Unable to swim against the current
65
homoplasy
the development of organs or other bodily structures within different species which resemble each other and have the same function, but no common ancestral origin.
66
Cambrian explosion
Unparalleled emergence of organisms between 541 million and 530 mya
67
Cladogram
A branching diagram, showing the relationships between taxon
68
derived
Having a trait not present in ancestral form
69
suspension feeding
removal of suspended food particles from the surrounding area through capture, trapping, or filtration
70
deposit feeding
animals that obtained nutrients through sediments of soft-bottom habitats or terrestrial soil.
71
siphonoglyph
a ciliated groove at one or both ends of the mouth of sea anemones and some corals that create water currents into the pharynx
72
totipotent
the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism. i.e spores and zygotes
73
ctinidum
74
Tegula
75
Chthamalus
76
Mytilus
77
Metazoa
Animalia
78
ctenophora
a small phylum of aquatic invertebrates that can be radially or bilaterally; includes comb jellies
79
cnidaria
A phylum with radically symmetrical invertebrates with no true body cavity and possesses tentacles with nematocysts
80
porifera
Sponges
81
Calcium carbonate
A water-insoluble source of calcium
82
hexactinillida
Glass sponges
83
calcarea
A class of sponges that are small, lack spongin, and skeletons completely made of calcium carbonate
84
Demospongiae
a class of sponges with the majority of living sponges with complex structures, and a skeleton of tetraxial, simple siliceous spicules, fibers, or spongin.
85
Sclerostomies
86
porocyte
Cells that layer the pores within sponges
87
Ostea
An opening in a sponge where water enter in
88
Osculum
An opening in a sponge form where water is expelled
89
Spongocoel
The internal central cavity of a sponge
90
Mesoglea
A noncellular jelly-like matrix
91
Spicule (sponges)
The structural components of a sponge, aka the bricks.
92
Cnidocil
a mechanosensory mechanism on the top surface of cnidocytes
93
Mesoderm
An inner cellular germ layer between the ectoderm and endoderm
94
Oral/Aboral axis
an axis that starts at the mouth (oral) and ends at the posterior (Aboral)
95
Planula larvae
the unique polyp form of Cnidarian
96
Siphonophore
member of Cnidarians that include corals, sea anemones, jellyfish, and hydroids. most are colonial, free-swimming or floating, and have specialized zooids. i.e man of war
97
tentacles
long flexible structures that stick out around the head or mouth of an animal and used for feeding or grasping.
98
Gastrodermis
lines the gastrovascular cavity
99
Cellular level
most fundamental level of organization
100
Gastrozooid
zooids that specialize in feeding
101
Operculum
a hard, plate-like bony flap
102
Nematocyst capsule
small elongated capsule only in Cnidarians
103
gastrulation
an early developmental process where embryos changes to a multilayered structure, gastrula
104
Planula larva
Free-swimming or crawling larva common in Cnidarian
105
Convergent evolution
Organisms that are not closely related independently develop similar traits
106
Eukaryotic cells
Any cell or organism that has a clearly defined nucleus
107
Synapomorphy
A derived shared characteristics within a group that separates them from others.
108
Endoskeelton
An internal skeleton or supporting framework
109
Sessile
Permanently attached and can not move
110
Germ layers
Embryonic tissue layers where al adult structures develop.
111
Bauplan
A plan of the essential elements of the bodies of a related group of organisms
112
Invertebrate zoology
A sub-discipline of zoology that focuses on invertebrates
113
Balanus
Acorn barnacles
114
Mopalia
115
Pachygrapsus
Common shore crabs
116
Anthopleura
Sea anemones; class:Hexacorallia
