Exam 1

Question 1

fragmentation

Answer 1

• occurs when healthcare professionals focus on momentary issues with patients and fail to look at the “big picture”
• places patients at greater risk for poor outcomes - NOT GOOD

Question 2

defragmentation

Answer 2

managing limited resources while improving the performance of the system

Question 3

ergonomics

Answer 3

• defined as the systematic study of all aspects of human activity as it relates to work
• anything that causes a system to breakdown or not be as effective

Question 4

usability testing

Answer 4

see if something works; a technique used to evaluate a product or information system by testing it with representative users

Question 5

dialogue

Answer 5

• input data that is analyzed
• interaction between a user and an interactive system to achieve a goal based on the input and output

Question 6

HITECH

Question 7

in ergonomics, does work adapt to people or to the people adapt to work?

Answer 7

work adapts to people

Question 8

is abuse reporting a violation of HIPAA?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

risks of fragmentation

Answer 9

medications, double procedures, multiple readmissions, poor outcomes

Question 10

function of a computer system

Answer 10

collect, retrieve, process information

Question 11

why is usability testing important?

Answer 11

you can’t just throw something into a high-stake setting

Question 12

do patients need to give consent to the billing department of a hospital?

Answer 12

no, those staff have the same training with HIPAA

Question 13

As a student, do we have to get consent to be in a patient’s chart?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

advantages of databases

Question 15

query

Answer 15

conduct search in an index

Question 16

index

Question 17

clinical informatics

Answer 17

• encompasses all medical and health specialties
• addresses the way information systems are used in the day-to-day operations of patient care
• purpose it to improve patient care by using methods and technologies from disciplines such as computer science and information science

Question 18

nursing informatics

Answer 18

the science and practice that integrates nursing, its information and knowledge, with management of information and communication technologies to promote the health of people, families, and communities worldwide

Question 19

clinical guidelines

Answer 19

diabetes, colon cancer, heart disease

Question 20

difference between RAM and ROM

Answer 20

RAM = temporary storage of data before it is stored in a more permanent location; lost when the program is closed or the computer is turned off
ROM = permanent way of saving data

Question 21

connectivity networks

Answer 21

LAN, MAN, WAN

Question 22

what could happen if a facility doesn’t look at ergonomics of work?

Answer 22

burnout, turnover

Question 23

if a patient won’t tell you their health history, what can you tell them?

Answer 23

“it is only shared with your treatment team” and explain why it is important for you to know

Question 24

can you give information about a patient to a neighbor that comes to visit?

Answer 24

not unless the patient has consented to it

Question 25

first successful civilian computer

Answer 25

universal automated computer (UNIVAC)

Question 26

who developed the first full-body CT scanner

Answer 26

Dr. Robert Ledley

Question 27

harriet werley

Answer 27

first nurse researcher at the walter reed army research institute who was instrumental in promoting research on what would later emerge as the field of NI

Question 28

dr. patricia abbott

Answer 28

helped craft the initial ANA scope and standards of practice

Question 29

data

Answer 29

collected information used to answer questions

Question 30

information

Answer 30

created by assembling data in a clinical context

Question 31

knowledge

Answer 31

concerns how data and information are used

Question 32

wisdom

Answer 32

use of knowledge to solve real-world problems

Question 33

information systems

Answer 33

support the transfer from data to information

Question 34

decision-support systems

Answer 34

support the transition from information to knowledge

Question 35

expert systems

Answer 35

apply knowledge through wisdom

Question 36

informatics tools

Answer 36

used to capture and present information

Question 37

challenges in clinical informatics

Answer 37

- lack of system interoperability - poor usability of health IT - failure to design health IT for human factors to prevent errors

Question 38

guidelines

Answer 38

disease specific

Question 39

protocols

Answer 39

facility specific

Question 40

procedures

Answer 40

patient specific

Question 41

internal benchmarking

Answer 41

HCPs compare their current performance to their past performance

Question 42

external benchmarking

Answer 42

performance is compared to other HCP outside the organization

Question 43

health information exchanges (HIEs)

Answer 43

high-level systems designed to promote the rapid sharing of data across facilities

Question 44

four main functions of a computer system

Answer 44

collection, processing, storage, and retrieval of data

Question 45

two main components of a computer

Answer 45

- hardware (physical components) - software (application)

Question 46

local area network (LAN)

Answer 46

confined to a single site

Question 47

metropolitan area network (MAN)

Answer 47

connects to regional areas

Question 48

wide area network (WAN)

Answer 48

reachers far beyond the single location to connect many LANs together

Question 49

to connect to the Internet, what must the computer be connected to?

Answer 49

- internet service provider (ISP) - unique internet protocol (IP) address

Question 50

PICOT

Answer 50

Population Intervention Compare Outcome Time

Question 51

physical ergonomics examples

Answer 51

work-related injuries (rep. motion), human environment

Question 52

organizational ergonomics examples

Answer 52

communications, workflow, organizational structure

Question 53

cognitive ergonomics examples

Answer 53

memory, processing, mental and psychological health of work environment

Question 54

international organization for standardization (IOS)

Answer 54

- issues international standards - standards are frequently too nonspecific and new scientific findings often not considered

Question 55

laws

Answer 55

- frequently nonspecific and provide only minimal standards for occupational safety - do not adapt well to current knowledge in short term

Question 56

ISO 6385

Answer 56

ergonomic principles in the design of work systems

Question 57

ISO 9241

Answer 57

the ergonomics of human system interaction

Question 58

steps of user centered-design (UCD)

Answer 58

planning designing testing deploying

Question 59

dimensions of usability

Answer 59

effectiveness efficiency satisfaction

Question 60

HIPAA

Answer 60

- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 - established minimum national standards for protecting health information

Question 61

criteria for protected health information (PHI)

Answer 61

- information that could reasonably identify the person - includes past, current, or future information about the patient's physical or mental conditions, information about the provision of care, and information about payment for care - must be held or transmitted electronically by the covered entity or business associates