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SOC 134 > exam #1 > Flashcards

exam #1 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Biological Determinism

A

the idea that social and economic differences between races are the result between inherited differences between people

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2
Q

Phrenology

A

a specific type of physiognomy that links head size/shape with mental ability

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3
Q

Physiognomy

A

a pseudoscience that links physical features w/ psychological and intellectual characteristics

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4
Q

Colonialism

A

a phenomenon that occurs when a foreign power invades a territory and establishes enduring systems of exploitation and domination

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5
Q

Color-blind racism

A

the ideology that explains contemporary racial inequality as the outcome of nonracial dynamics

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6
Q

Covert racism

A

discrimination that is not easy to recognize

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7
Q

Discrimination

A

actions that have a differential and negative impact on members of a subordinate group

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8
Q

Domination

A

political, social, and economic power wielded over subordinate groups

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9
Q

Election fraud

A

there’s illegal interference with voting/elections through illegitimate ballot casting, illegitimate vote count

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10
Q

Ethnicity

A

a shared lifestyle informed by cultural, historical, religious, and/or national affiliations
Five fallacies:

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11
Q

Individualistic fallacy

A

when racism is assumed to belong to the realm of ideas and prejudices

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12
Q

Legalistic fallacy

A

abolishing racist or instituting anti-racist laws effectively eliminates racism

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13
Q

Tokenistic fallacy

A

assumes the presence of POC in influential positions is evidence that racism not longer exists

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14
Q

Ahistorical fallacy

A

assumes that history is inconsequential; that history doesn’t matter

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15
Q

Fixed fallacy

A

assumes that racism is fixed and constant across time and space

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16
Q

Income

A

salaries earned from employment/retirement/governmental aid

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17
Q

Institutional racism

A

the systematic domination of POC embedded and operating in different institutions (universities, political bodies, legal bodies, etc.)

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18
Q

Intergroup conflict theory

A

the idea that prejudice results from group competition over scarce resources

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19
Q

Intergroup contact theory

A

the idea that when there’s interpersonal contact between races it’s an effective way to reduce prejudice between groups

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20
Q

Interpersonal racism

A

racial domination manifested in our dispositions, interactions, and practices

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21
Q

Intersectionality

A

the idea that social categorization (race, class, gender, etc) are interconnected

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22
Q

Master status

A

one of the primary identifier characteristics of an individual within a society

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23
Q

Microaggressions

A

a brief, everyday exchange that send denigrating messages to someone based on his/her group membership

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24
Q

Nationality

A

citizenship or continued residence in a nation

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25
New racism
subtle, institutional, and ostensibly race-neutral forms of racism
26
Overt racism
discrimination that is recognizable, the intent is clear, very surface level racism
27
Phenotype
observable, physical, and visible characteristics (the way someone looks)
28
Prejudice
a negative attitude/idea/thought about a person based on his/her perceived group membership
29
Privilege
lack of disadvantage on the basis of one’s identity
30
Race
a symbolic category based on phenotype or ancestry and constructed according to specific social and historical contexts that is often misrecognized as a natural category
31
Social construction
a reality that is created by humans through social processes; not rooted in anything objectively real/natural
32
Social institution
a complex set of social norms and patterns of social organization that meet the needs of some aspect of society
33
Socialization theory
prejudice results from societal norms usually taught at a young age
34
Southern strategy
the Republican strategy to bring in white southern votes by appealing to anti-Black racism
35
Stereotype
unreliable generalizations about all or most members of a group
36
Wealth
owned assets that yield monetary return
37
Whiteness
Social structure that influences institutions; makes white customs, norms, and values the foundational customs, norms, and values in the entire country
38
White supremacy
an ideology held by some that white people are superior to everyone else, usually to the violent detriment of other groups
39
Difference between Spanish and English colonial conquests:
the Spanish wanted to spread Christianity, the British did not. The Spanish supported intermarriage between Spanish colonizers and the indigenous; the British didn't
40
Plessy v Ferguson
separate but equal. the entire basis for racial segregation under Jim Crow
41
Jim Crow
a time period in the South roughtly between the 1890s and 1960s when state/local laws and policies enforced racial segregation
42
The Page Law
passed in 1875 which explicitly banned Chinese sex workers from entering the U.S.. effectively, it banned all Chinese women because they could say "no" on the suspicion that they were sex workers
43
The Chinese Exclusion Act
excluded all immigration of Chinese laboers to the U.S. during the 1880s
44
The GI Bill of Rights
large programs that allowed veterans to buy homes. Non-white people excluded from benefits. Opened doors for a mostly white middle class
45
The New Deal
a social program of policies dealing with welfare, veteran assistance, minimum wage, workday limitations, etc. POC excluded from benefits by excluding certain jobs
46
Reaganomics
a set of policies that argued for less government spending on welfare, social security, and policies for the middle class and impoverished. Allowed money to stay with the top 10% in the hopes it'll trickle down to the lower classes
47
Mexican and the census
In 1940, President Roosevelt altered the U.S. census so the word "Mexican" was removed so most Mexican-Americans would consider themselves white in order to secure better diplomatic relations w/ Mexico
48
Racial disparities in the U.S. versus WI
Average racial disparities are larger in Dane County than they are in the state and larger in WI than in the U.S.
49
Voting disenfranchisement historically
terrorism, poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses
50
Voting disenfranchisement today
terrorism rare, but still happens. Proof of ID, citizenship, absentee ballot restrictions, early voting restrictions, registration requirements, etc. Primarily affect college students, poor people, and those that live in urban areas/ inner-cities
51
Civil Rights act of 1964
ended discriminatory voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, workplaces, and public accoodations
52
Voting Rights Act of 1964
outlawed literacy tests, poll taxes, and other discriminatory voting laws. Included a provision that said for states and counties that have historically repressed voters of color (Confederacy) that if they wanted to change anything (such as the time of voting) they have to have federal approval
53
The Sociological Imagination
being able to recognize that individual experiences and social context are intertwined; look beyond your personal troubles and view things from a larger
54
Distinction between personal troubles and public issues
Personal troubles: areas of social life that individuals are aware of Affects one individual Public issues: transcending the local environment of the individual; involves social and historical trends
55
CRT according to Ray and Gibbons
the argument that racial discrimination is embedded in the laws, regulations, rules, and procedures of American institutions
56
Racial formation (Omi and Winant)
the process by which social, economic, and political forces determining the content and importance of racial categories and how they are given social meanings
57
Symbolic ethnicity (Waters)
individualistic in nature; without social cost for the individual
58
White privilege according to McIntosh
Describes white privilege by calling it an invisible backpack of special provisions, code books, etc.
59
Microassaults (Sue)
conscious and intentional racist acts (swastikas, preventing your son/daughter from dating outside of their race)
60
Microinsults
verbal, nonverbal, and environmental communications that subtly convey rudeness and insensitivity that detriment someone’s racial identity
61
Microinvalidations
communications that subtly exclude, negate, or nullify the thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of a POC
62
Racial optimist view (BS)
there’ve been positive changes in white people’s attitudes about race since the Civil Rights Era
63
Racial pessoptimist view
more balanced view; white people’s attitudes reflect both progress and resistance
64
Symbolic racism view
a blend of anti-Black affect and traditional moral values
65
Sense of group position view
white prejudice is an ideology that defends white privilege
66
MID (Desmond)
mortgage interest deduction. A tax break that overwhelmingly benefits the upper-middle class and wealthy
67
Lost Cause narrative (Smith)
southerners fought in the Civil War because of their family, state, and heritage-- not because of slavery

SOC 134 (4 decks)

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