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Ocean 201 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Continental shelf

A

Portion of the continent that is slightly submerged, epipelagic (sunlight) & mesopelagic (twilight) zones

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2
Q

Continental slope

A

Between outer edge of continental shelf and deep ocean floor, bathypelagic (midnight) zone

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3
Q

Continental rise

A

Wide, gentle incline from deep ocean plane to continental slope, abyssopelagic (abyss) zone

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4
Q

Ocean basin

A

Contain 3/4 of all water on the planet

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5
Q

Hadal zone

A

Deepest region of the ocean that lies within the oceanic trenches, named after Greek God Hades

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6
Q

Shore

A

land along the edge of the sea

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7
Q

Shelf

A

Edge of continent that lies under the water

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8
Q

Slope

A

Steeply sloping seafloor that lies between the shelf and oceanic basin

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9
Q

Mid-ocean range

A

A continuous range of underwater volcanoes

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10
Q

Seamount

A

Underwater mountains formed by volcanic activity, hotspots for deep sea marine life

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11
Q

Trench

A

A feature of convergent plate boundaries, deepest parts of the ocean, Mariana Trench

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12
Q

Island

A

Rise to surface from oceanic basins

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13
Q

Density

A

the mass per volume of seawater which is a function of salinity, temperature, and pressure/depth

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14
Q

Temperature

A

Primary parameter determining density expressed in degrees Celcius, bottom of ocean is 4 degrees, temperature of the sunlight zone varies based on location and season, begins to even out at around 70m

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15
Q

isotherms

A

constant temperature

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16
Q

isohalines

A

constant salinity

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17
Q

isopycnals

A

constant density

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18
Q

isobaths

A

constant depth

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19
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum displacement of a particle on the medium from its rest position, from rest to crest

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20
Q

Height

A

vertical distance between the wave crest and trough

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21
Q

Wave length

A

Distance in which the wave repeats, period

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22
Q

Shallow water waves

A

elliptical, condensed vertically

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23
Q

Deep water waves

A

circular, long waves move faster than short waves

24
Q

Time domain

A

For dynamic, real-time problems like control

25
Q

frequency domain

A

Response to wave spectrum, resonance of structures

26
Q

Probability domain

A

extreme value designs, hurricanes, tsunamis, etc.

27
Q

Roll

A

x-axis rotation, tilting from side to side

28
Q

Pitch

A

y-axis rotation, rise and fall of bow and stern

29
Q

Yaw

A

z-axis rotation, ship spinning

30
Q

Surge

A

x-axis translation, waves push ships forward and back

31
Q

Sway

A

y-axis translation, swaying from wind or currents

32
Q

Heave

A

z-axis translation, “HEAVE” a rope and pully and pulls system upwards

33
Q

Fetch

A

Where wind is blowing forming waves

34
Q

Dispersion

A

Waves without wind, caused by fetch traveling in the same direction over time

35
Q

Seas

A

Waves created in the fetch zone

36
Q

Ocean swell

A

Waves in the dispersion zone, shorter waves in the deep ocean, longer waves travel faster than shorter waves

37
Q

Whitecaps

A

Wind blowing so strong that the water particles leave the wave

38
Q

Wind

A

Pressure differences caused by uneven solar heating across the globe

39
Q

Currents

A

Magnitude can vary with depth, direction can vary with depth and time, density of water is 1000x air, 4 degrees celsius at bottom of ocean

40
Q

Tides

A

Revolution of celestial bodies and their gravitational pulls

41
Q

Jackup, jacket, concrete

A

Fixed, bottom-supported units, shallow water

42
Q

Tension leg platforms

A

Floating, moored tension lines

43
Q

Spars

A

Floating, deepwater

44
Q

Ship-based

A

Floating, period similar to the waves

45
Q

Seawalls

A

Large wave resistant wall along shore, in Corpus, designed to withstand the full force of storm waves

46
Q

Bulkheads

A

Smaller wave resistant wall along shore, designed to retain shore material under less severe wave conditions

47
Q

Revements

A

Slope protection along waterways, protect shorelines and waterways against erosion by currents and small waves

48
Q

Groins

A

Structures perpendicular to shore to interrupt littoral or slow down sand losses, prevents erosion, the long lines of rocks along beaches

49
Q

Sand bypassing

A

Movement of sand from accreting up drift side to eroding down drift side of harbor

50
Q

Jetties

A

Structures used at inlets to stabilize entrance locations

51
Q

Breakwaters

A

Large barriers to protect land or water behind them from wave attacks, submerged breakwaters are below water level

52
Q

Dissipative - active

A

Pneumatic or hydraulic energy absorbed during normal wave activity released during extreme wave activity

53
Q

Fetch-limited

A

Winds blown at a constant rate long enough for wave heights to reach equilibrium at the end of the fetch

54
Q

Duration-limited

A

Wave heights are limited by the length of time the wind has been blowing

55
Q

Hindcasting

A

Past meteorological data

56
Q

Nowcasting

A

current data

57
Q

Forecasting

A

Future data

Ocean 201 (1 decks)

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