Exam 1

Question 1

Continental shelf

Answer 1

Portion of the continent that is slightly submerged, epipelagic (sunlight) & mesopelagic (twilight) zones

Question 2

Continental slope

Answer 2

Between outer edge of continental shelf and deep ocean floor, bathypelagic (midnight) zone

Question 3

Continental rise

Answer 3

Wide, gentle incline from deep ocean plane to continental slope, abyssopelagic (abyss) zone

Question 4

Ocean basin

Answer 4

Contain 3/4 of all water on the planet

Question 5

Hadal zone

Answer 5

Deepest region of the ocean that lies within the oceanic trenches, named after Greek God Hades

Question 6

Shore

Answer 6

land along the edge of the sea

Question 7

Shelf

Answer 7

Edge of continent that lies under the water

Question 8

Slope

Answer 8

Steeply sloping seafloor that lies between the shelf and oceanic basin

Question 9

Mid-ocean range

Answer 9

A continuous range of underwater volcanoes

Question 10

Seamount

Answer 10

Underwater mountains formed by volcanic activity, hotspots for deep sea marine life

Question 11

Trench

Answer 11

A feature of convergent plate boundaries, deepest parts of the ocean, Mariana Trench

Question 12

Island

Answer 12

Rise to surface from oceanic basins

Question 13

Density

Answer 13

the mass per volume of seawater which is a function of salinity, temperature, and pressure/depth

Question 14

Temperature

Answer 14

Primary parameter determining density expressed in degrees Celcius, bottom of ocean is 4 degrees, temperature of the sunlight zone varies based on location and season, begins to even out at around 70m

Question 15

isotherms

Answer 15

constant temperature

Question 16

isohalines

Answer 16

constant salinity

Question 17

isopycnals

Answer 17

constant density

Question 18

isobaths

Answer 18

constant depth

Question 19

Amplitude

Answer 19

The maximum displacement of a particle on the medium from its rest position, from rest to crest

Question 20

Height

Answer 20

vertical distance between the wave crest and trough

Question 21

Wave length

Answer 21

Distance in which the wave repeats, period

Question 22

Shallow water waves

Answer 22

elliptical, condensed vertically

Question 23

Deep water waves

Answer 23

circular, long waves move faster than short waves

Question 24

Time domain

Answer 24

For dynamic, real-time problems like control

Question 25

frequency domain

Answer 25

Response to wave spectrum, resonance of structures

Question 26

Probability domain

Answer 26

extreme value designs, hurricanes, tsunamis, etc.

Question 27

Roll

Answer 27

x-axis rotation, tilting from side to side

Question 28

Pitch

Answer 28

y-axis rotation, rise and fall of bow and stern

Question 29

Yaw

Answer 29

z-axis rotation, ship spinning

Question 30

Surge

Answer 30

x-axis translation, waves push ships forward and back

Question 31

Sway

Answer 31

y-axis translation, swaying from wind or currents

Question 32

Heave

Answer 32

z-axis translation, "HEAVE" a rope and pully and pulls system upwards

Question 33

Fetch

Answer 33

Where wind is blowing forming waves

Question 34

Dispersion

Answer 34

Waves without wind, caused by fetch traveling in the same direction over time

Question 35

Seas

Answer 35

Waves created in the fetch zone

Question 36

Ocean swell

Answer 36

Waves in the dispersion zone, shorter waves in the deep ocean, longer waves travel faster than shorter waves

Question 37

Whitecaps

Answer 37

Wind blowing so strong that the water particles leave the wave

Question 38

Wind

Answer 38

Pressure differences caused by uneven solar heating across the globe

Question 39

Currents

Answer 39

Magnitude can vary with depth, direction can vary with depth and time, density of water is 1000x air, 4 degrees celsius at bottom of ocean

Question 40

Tides

Answer 40

Revolution of celestial bodies and their gravitational pulls

Question 41

Jackup, jacket, concrete

Answer 41

Fixed, bottom-supported units, shallow water

Question 42

Tension leg platforms

Answer 42

Floating, moored tension lines

Question 43

Spars

Answer 43

Floating, deepwater

Question 44

Ship-based

Answer 44

Floating, period similar to the waves

Question 45

Seawalls

Answer 45

Large wave resistant wall along shore, in Corpus, designed to withstand the full force of storm waves

Question 46

Bulkheads

Answer 46

Smaller wave resistant wall along shore, designed to retain shore material under less severe wave conditions

Question 47

Revements

Answer 47

Slope protection along waterways, protect shorelines and waterways against erosion by currents and small waves

Question 48

Groins

Answer 48

Structures perpendicular to shore to interrupt littoral or slow down sand losses, prevents erosion, the long lines of rocks along beaches

Question 49

Sand bypassing

Answer 49

Movement of sand from accreting up drift side to eroding down drift side of harbor

Question 50

Jetties

Answer 50

Structures used at inlets to stabilize entrance locations

Question 51

Breakwaters

Answer 51

Large barriers to protect land or water behind them from wave attacks, submerged breakwaters are below water level

Question 52

Dissipative - active

Answer 52

Pneumatic or hydraulic energy absorbed during normal wave activity released during extreme wave activity

Question 53

Fetch-limited

Answer 53

Winds blown at a constant rate long enough for wave heights to reach equilibrium at the end of the fetch

Question 54

Duration-limited

Answer 54

Wave heights are limited by the length of time the wind has been blowing

Question 55

Hindcasting

Answer 55

Past meteorological data

Question 56

Nowcasting

Answer 56

current data

Question 57

Forecasting

Answer 57

Future data