Exam 1

Question 1

What are the dimensions of human sexuality?

Answer 1

socio cultural, biological, ethical, and psychological

Question 2

Sociocultural dimension

Answer 2

The sum of the cultural & social influences that affect our thoughts and actions both historical & contemporary

Question 3

Biological Dimension

Answer 3

Involves physical appearance, responses to sexual stimulation, physiological cycles & changes, growth and development, etc

Question 4

Ethical Dimension

Answer 4

Includes questions of right and wrong, should I or shouldn’t I, yes or no.

Question 5

Psychological Dimension

Answer 5

Attitudes & feelings towards oneself and other people

Question 6

What are the four components of sexual intelligence

Answer 6

Understanding self
Having interpersonal sexual skills and integrity
Obtaining accurate scientific sexual knowledge
Having consideration of the cultural context of sexuality

Question 7

What does psychosocial orientation take into account

Answer 7

biological, psychological and social conditioning factors

Question 8

Islamic Middle East

Answer 8

Based on beliefs of Muhammad
Belief that sex should be enjoyed by both sexes
Women viewed inherently more sexual than men (this power contained by veils, segregation, female circumcision)
Oppression of women and many sexually related restrictions stem from patriarchal cultural traditions and fundamentalist sects, not from religion and the teaching of the Qur’an

Question 9

Ancient China

Answer 9

Produced the earliest known sex manuals
Under Taoism, sexual activity was promoted for spiritual growth and harmony
The sexual connection of men and women was believed to join the opposing forces of yin and yang

Question 10

Sexual conservatism with communist rule (1949)

Answer 10

Lack of basic information about sexuality
Sex outside of marriage and frequent sex within marriage discouraged
Low STI rates

Question 11

China current trends

Answer 11

Increasing rates of premarital sex
Increasing rates of HIV infection
Slightly more open to homosexuality
Still lack sexual knowledge and safe-sex skills

Question 12

US Cultural themes

Answer 12

Sex for procreation
Definition of sex and intercourse used synonymously
Male and female gender roles
Rigid distinction between male & female roles in sexuality

Question 13

Ancient Hebrews

Answer 13

• highly specialized gender roles
• sex within marriage is necessity
• list of what makes a good wife
• importance of reproduction to preserve their people

Question 14

Christianity

Answer 14

Spirituality through celibacy
Sex outside of marriage as sinful
Contradictory images of women emerged
Virgin Mary: compassionate, pure, & unattainable
Eve: evil temptress

Question 15

Positive Thinking Shifts

Answer 15

Protestant reformation
Temporary increase in respect for women

Enlightenment; scientific rationalism
Value of sex in marriage, goes beyond procreation

Question 16

Victorian Era

Answer 16

Women’s role constrained; women as asexual
Emotional & physical distance between husband and wife
Prostitution flourished
Continued polarized view of women as Madonna or whore
Mosher’s research contradicts prevailing view

Question 17

20th cent and ww2

Answer 17

The beginning of the 20th century
Suffrage movement
19th amendment gives women the right to vote
automobile

World War II
Gender roles were expanded & more flexible
Postwar return to stricter roles
penicillin

Question 18

birth control dates

Answer 18

1965 for married women

1973 for unmarried

Question 19

1972

Answer 19

AMA removed homosexuality from dsm

Question 20

1981

Answer 20

first case of aids

Question 21

2004

Answer 21

mass first state to legalize ss marriage

Question 22

goals of sexology

Answer 22

Understand sexual behavior
Predict sexual behavior
Control / Influence sexual behavior
Ethical considerations when controlling behavior

Question 23

Case studies

Answer 23

non- experimental
Single subject or small group
Each studied individually and in depth

Data gathered using:
Direct observation
Questionnaires
Testing
Interviews

Question 24

pros and cons of case studies

Answer 24

Advantages:
In depth explorations
Flexibility in data gathering procedures

Disadvantages:
Hard to generalize results
Often based on retrospective self-report
Not suitable for many research questions

Question 25

Direct Observational Study

Answer 25

non experimenSmall to moderate samples Observe and record responses of subjects - Reliability increases with representative sample and accuracy of recording devices Advantages: Eliminates possibility of falsification Records can be kept indefinitely Disadvantages: Self-selection, behavior influenced by observers, expense tal

Question 26

Which of the non-experimental research methods has provided the most data about human sexuality?

Answer 26

survey

Question 27

Procedures

Answer 27

``` experimental Small to moderate samples: Independent variable Condition or component that is manipulated Dependent variable Outcome or resulting behavior ``` Reliability and validity increase with: Random selection Random assignment

Question 28

technologies

Answer 28

Penile strain gauge measures slightest change in penis size Vaginal photoplethysmograph measures increased vaginal blood volume Vaginal Myograph Rectal Myograph

Question 29

labiaplasty

Answer 29

3rd fastest growing plastic surgery procedure

Question 30

vestibular bulbs

Answer 30

2 bulbs under the inner labia & extending from below the clitoris, surrounding the urethral & vaginal openings

Question 31

Bartholins glands

Answer 31

2 small glands slightly inside the vaginal opening

Question 32

3 sex hormones from ovaries

Answer 32

estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

Question 33

how many layers in the uterus

Answer 33

3

Question 34

cervix size

Answer 34

2in wide, 3 in long

Question 35

about how many mature eggs does a woman have

Answer 35

4000

Question 36

primary vs secondary amenorrhea

Answer 36

not getting a period, missing a period

Question 37

initial menstrual onset age

Answer 37

11-15

Question 38

ovulation

Answer 38

14 days before period

Question 39

female hormones from pituitary

Answer 39

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Estrogen production in ovaries Ovum maturation in follicles inside ovaries Luteinizing hormone (LH) Stimulates release of mature ovum Stimulates development of corpus luteum, the progesterone-secreting part of the follicle that remains after egg is released

Question 40

phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 40

menstrual phase, Proliferative phase: follicles mature, release ovum ↑ FSH: ovum (egg) matures inside follicle Ovaries produce estrogen: causes endometrium to thicken a little ↑ LH: causes ovulation Secretory phase: Corpus luteum develops Corpus luteum develops from follicles Secretes progesterone → endometrium thickens & engorges w/blood & nutrients in preparation for implantation of a fertilized egg If there is no implantation, corpus luteum degenerates, and estrogen & progesterone levels fall --> triggers menstruation

Question 41

glans

Answer 41

head

Question 42

corona

Answer 42

rim of glans

Question 43

frenulum

Answer 43

highly sensitive thin strip of skin connecting the glans to the shaft on the underside of the penis

Question 44

avg age of menopause

Answer 44

51

Question 45

how often should you get a pap smear according to usphtf

Answer 45

every 3yrs until 30, btwn 30-65 every 5 years

Question 46

breast cancer affects how many woman

Answer 46

1 in 8. kills 40,000 annually,5000000 worldwide

Question 47

crura

Answer 47

innermost tips of the cavernous bodies that connect to the pubic bones

Question 48

tunica dartos

Answer 48

The 2nd layer of the scrotal sac | Contains muscle that reacts to changes in temperature

Question 49

cremastric muscle

Answer 49

Influences the position of the testes in the scrotal sac | Can voluntarily be contracted, causing the testes to move upward

Question 50

Cryptorchidism

Answer 50

undescended testes

Question 51

site of sperm production

Answer 51

Seminiferous tubules

Question 52

Epididymis

Answer 52

sperm maturation and storage

Question 53

vas deferens

Answer 53

Begins at the base of testis & ends at the urethra | Move sperm from scrotum to ejaculatory duct through prostate

Question 54

seminal vesicle

Answer 54

Two small glands adjacent to the terminals of the vas deferens Secretes an alkaline fluid conducive to sperm motility & is high in fructose Secretions accounts for as much as 70% of seminal fluid

Question 55

cowpers glands

Answer 55

Two pea-sized glands located alongside the base of the urethra Secrete a slippery, mucus-like alkaline fluid that appears as a droplet at the tip of the penis

Question 56

Phimosis

Answer 56

Extremely tight penile foreskin

Question 57

testicular cancer

Answer 57

Incidence rate of 4 per 100,000 men Most common malignancy that occurs in young men 20 to 35 years old Hard or irregular mass in testes Survival is greater than 90% if detected early

Question 58

prostatis

Answer 58

infalmmed prostate

Question 59

benign prostatic hyerplasia

Answer 59

overgrowth or prostate tissue blocking

Question 60

prostate cancer

Answer 60

second most common cancer among men

Question 61

factors in identifying sex

Answer 61

``` Biological processes Begin shortly after conception & completed before birth Social learning Cultural influences International Model ```

Question 62

sex of internal repro structures

Answer 62

By about 8 weeks after conception hormones → undifferentiated → differentiated Müllerian duct females – fallopian tubes, uterus, inner 1/3 vagina Wolffian duct males – vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct

Question 63

for how many weeks is the external genital tissue the same

Answer 63

6

Question 64

true vs pseudo herma.

Answer 64

True hermaphrodites Have both ovarian & testicular tissues External genitals often a mixture of female and male structures Pseudo-hermaphrodites ambiguous internal & external reproductive anatomy gonads match chromosomal sex caused by atypical combination of sex chromosome or results from prenatal hormonal irregularities approximately 1 in every 2,000 births

Question 65

Sex chromosome disorders

Answer 65

Turner’s Syndrome | Klinefelter’s syndrome

Question 66

turners

Answer 66

Only one sex chromosome (0X) Develops normal external female genitals Internal reproductive structures do not develop fully Ovaries absent or represented by fibrous streaks of tissue Gender identity is generally female Usually sterile

Question 67

kleinfelters

Answer 67

Atypical ovum containing 22 autosomes & 2 sex chromosomes fertilized by Y-bearing sperm Results in XXY Typically sterile with undersized penis & testes Gender identity is usually male Sterile (95-99%) most common. 1 in 500

Question 68

prenatal hormone irregularities

Answer 68

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) Fetally Androgenized Females (FAF) DHT-deficient males

Question 69

AIS

Answer 69

Genetically male - X Y chromosomal pairing Male infants not responsive to androgens → normal female external genitalia & feminized external organs Gender identity is female Sterile

Question 70

FAF

Answer 70

``` Chromosomally normal females (XX) Prenatally masculinized by exposure to excessive androgens Masculinized external organs Gender identity is female Fertile ```

Question 71

DHT def

Answer 71

Also called 5-alpha reductase Chromosomally normal males (XY) Cannot convert testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Feminized genitals at birth but becomes masculine at puberty Usually gender identity is female prior to puberty; majority assume male identity after puberty Generally sterile

Question 72

transsexual vs transgendered

Answer 72

Transsexualism Ones gender identity is opposite to ones biological sex Transgendered Appearance and/or behavior does not conform to traditional gender roles Variations of transgendered behaviors