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Neurobiology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary nervous system
Walls of cavities and limbs

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2
Q

Describe the visceral nervous system

A

Autonomic nervous system
Appendage organs in cavities
Functional invasion into somatic components (sweat glands/arrest or pili/blood vessels)

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3
Q

Describe the somatic motor system

A

1 cell system
Cell body in the CNS

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4
Q

Describe the visceral motor system

A

2 cell systems
1st cell body in CNS
2nd cell body in ganglia of PNS

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5
Q

What is the nucleus

A

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

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6
Q

What is the ganglion

A

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

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7
Q

What is the functional unit of the CNS

Describe its make up

A

Neuron

Soma (cell body), dendrite, axons

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8
Q

Describe the soma of a neuron and its function

A

Cell body
1 in each neuron
Function: synthesizes functions

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9
Q

Describe the make up of a dendrite

A

0 - numerous extensions from the soma

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10
Q

Describe the axon of a neuron an its function

A

1 with multiple terminals

Hillock: connecting part with soma

Function: conducts electrical signals from body to terminals

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11
Q

What is the supportive unit of the central nervous system

A

Glia

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12
Q

What structures make up glia

A

Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

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13
Q

Describe oligodendrocytes that make up glia

A

Myelin sheath
Multiple axons

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14
Q

What is the function of astrocyte that make up glia

A

Nutrition
Glymphatic drainage

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15
Q

What is the function of microglia that makeup glia

A

Immune surveillance

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16
Q

Describe the ependymal cells that make up glia

A

Lining ventricles and central canal of spinal cord

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17
Q

What is the functional unit of the peripheral nervous system

A

Neuron

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18
Q

Describe the neuron in the PNS

A

Functional unit

Dorsal root ganglion can have 2 axons

Visceral motor ganglionic neurons still multipolar

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19
Q

What is the supportive unit of the PNS

A

Glia

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20
Q

What are Schwann cells and where are they found in the PNS

A

Myelin sheath/microglia functions
Embeds 1 axon

Found in the glia

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21
Q

What are satellite cells and where are they found within the PNS

A

Specialized Schwann cells
Wrap ganglionic soma

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22
Q

Which visceral organs invade into the somatic wall

A

Sweat glands
A rector pili
Blood vessels

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23
Q

List the germ layers during embryonic development

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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24
Q

What creates the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc during development

What germ layer is this found

A

Notochord

in mesoderm

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25
What forms muscles/bones/dermis What germ layer is this from
Somites In mesoderm
26
Describe how somites expand in the mesoderm during embryonic development
Folding dorsally Driving force to form nervous system by ectoderm
27
The ectoderm closes dorsally to form the neural tube which creates the (PNS/CNS)
CNS
28
The cranial equal pore closes to form ____ for ___ development
Cranial neural pore Brain development
29
No closure of the neural tube will cause what condition
Anencephaly
30
The neural tube creates what 2 pores
Cranial neural pore and caudal neural pore
31
The caudal neural pore closes for ______ development
Spinal cord development
32
No closure of the caudal neural pore can lead to what condition
Spina bifida
33
The neural crest forms the (CNS/PNS)
PNS
34
What structures are included in the prosencephalon
(Forebrain) Telencephalon, diencephalon
35
What is the mesencephalon
Midbrian
36
What is the rhombencephalon What structures are included in the rhombencephalon
Hindbrain Metencephalon, myelencephalon
37
What structures are within the metencephalon
Pins Cerebellum
38
What structures are within the myelencephalon
Medulla oblongata
39
How many cell bodies, dendrites, and axons can a neuron have?
1 cell body 0 - numerous dendrites 1 axon with many terminals
40
What will happen if the cranial neuropore fails to close during embryo development
Anencephaly
41
What areas of the brain are included within the forebrain
Cerebrum/telencephalon Diencephalon
42
What structures are included in the hindbrain
Pons Cerebellum Medulla oblongata
43
Describe the precentral gurus
Primary motor cortex, M1 Frontal lobe Cingulate / central sulcus
44
Describe the postcentral gurus
Primary sensory cortex S1 Parietal lobe Lateral sulcus
45
Describe gray matter
Somata and dendrites of neurons
46
Describe white matter
Myelinated mixed with unmyelinated atonal bundles
47
What are association fiber and where are they found within the brain
Neighboring gyri in the same hemisphere Found in white matter
48
What are long fibers and where are they found within the brain
Interlobar fibers Found in association fibers within the white matter
49
What are commissure/corpus callosum and where is it found within the brain
Cross-talking between 2 hemispheres Found in white matter
50
what are projection fibers and where are they found within the brain
Cerebral cortex to/from other sub cortical central nervous structures
51
What are efferent fibers and what is their function
Axonal bundles to communicate with other structures Signal exits to next axon
52
What a afferent fibers and what are their function
Axonal bundles that send messages from other structures Accepts message from previous axon
53
What is the function of the left hemisphere
Language Understand Express, etc
54
What is the function of the right hemisphere
Spatial orientation Emotion Prosody of language
55
The left hemisphere of the brain controls what side of the body
Right
56
The right hemisphere of the brain controls which side of the body
Left
57
What are the 6 components of the basal nuclei
Caudate Nucleus accumbens Putamen Globes pallidus Subthalamic nucleus (in diencephalon) Substantial migration (in midbrain)
58
Where is the thalamus located
Lateral wall of 3rd ventricle
59
Where is the hypothalamus located within the brain
Anterolateral wall of 3rd ventricle
60
The diencephalon is the origination of what cranial nerve
CN II, optic nerve
61
What structures are included in the diencephalon
Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Subthalamus
62
What are the functions of the pre and post central gyri
Pre: motor Post: sensory
63
What is the roster Al boundary
Mammillary body anteriorly and posterior commissure posteriorly
64
What structures are included in the midbrain
Cerebral peduncle Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus Cerebral aqueduct
65
What is the cerebral peduncle
Projection fibers from teh cerebral cortex
66
What is the function of the superior colliculus What cranial nerve originates from the superior colliculus
Function: visual pathway Nerve: CN III, oculomotor nerve
67
What is the function of the inferior colliculus What cranial nerve originates from the inferior colliculus
Auditory pathway, caudal boundary of midbrain and rostral boundary for pons CN IV, trochlear nerve
68
What cranial nerve is the only CN to attach posterior to brain stem
CN IV, trochlear nerve
69
Where is the pons located
Floor of 4th ventricle
70
What cranial nerve is located at the middle and lateral pons
CN V, trigeminal nerve
71
List the cranial nerves that are located at the pontomedullary junction
CN VI, abducens CN VII, facial CN VIII, vestibulocochlear
72
T/f The pontomedullary junction is the caudal boundary at rostral boundary for medulla
True
73
What cranial nerve is located on the pyramid of the medulla oblongata
CN XII, hypoglossal
74
What cranial nerves are located on the olive of the medulla oblongata
CN IX, glossopharyngeal CN X, vagus
75
What is the caudal boundary and rostral boundary of the spinal cord
Foramen magnum
76
A patient complains of RLE parenthesis and weakness post stroke. What side of the brain was effected?
Right
77
Describe the cerebellum location in relation to other structures
Posterior to pons and medulla oblongata Connection with brain stem
78
How does the midbrain connect with the brain stem Efferent / afferent
Superior cerebella’s prudence Efferent
79
How does the pons connect with brain stem Efferent / afferent
Middle cerebella’s peduncle Afferent
80
What structures are within the hindbrain
Cerebellum Pons Medulla oblongata
81
List the structures located in the brain stem
Medulla belong at a Midbrain Pons

Neurobiology (3 decks)

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