Exam 1

Question 1

stimulus

Answer 1

any sensory information or cue that could evoke a response

Question 2

response

Answer 2

a behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus

Question 3

associative learning

Answer 3

involves connecting 2 or more things

Question 4

non associative learning

Answer 4

involves change to how an organism responds to a single thing
(does not involve connecting multiple things)

Question 5

habituation

Answer 5

a decrease in responding to a repeatedly presented stimulus
(does not require a response)

Question 6

spontaneous recovery

Answer 6

when the response to a stimulus returns after a delay

Question 7

dishabituation

Answer 7

when the response to a stimulus returns after the presentation of a different novel stimulus

Question 8

sensitization

Answer 8

an increase in responding to a repeatedly presented stimulus
(can occur after a single presentation)

Question 9

stimulus generalization

Answer 9

when the response or associations with one stimulus are elicited by other similar stimuli

Question 10

stimulus discrimination

Answer 10

when the responses or associations with one stimulus are not elicited by different similar stimuli

Question 11

generalization gradient

Answer 11

change in strength or frequency of a response to different similar stimuli as a function of their similarity to the trained stimulus

Question 12

Dual process theory

Answer 12

propose that there are neural systems to habituation and sensitize working together

Question 13

familiarization

Answer 13

the acquisition of familiarity through repetition

Question 14

priming

Answer 14

when the presentation of a stimulus influences the response to a later stimulus

Question 15

perceptual learning

Answer 15

learning in which repeatedly experiencing stimuli make those stimuli easier to perceive and distinguish

Question 16

neutral stimulus

Answer 16

elicits no response

Question 17

US

Answer 17

naturally elicits a response (no learning/conditioning)

Question 18

UR

Answer 18

natural response elicited by the US

Question 19

CS

Answer 19

stimulus, after learning, elicits a new response

Question 20

CR

Answer 20

new response that is elicited by the CS

Question 21

conditioning sequence

Answer 21

pre conditioning, acquisition, after conditioning (test)

Question 22

appetitive conditioning

Answer 22

occurs when the US is a desirable event

Question 23

aversive conditioning

Answer 23

occurs when the US is an undesirable event

Question 24

interstimulus interval

Answer 24

amount of time between the onset of the CS and the onset of the US during acquisition

Question 25

delay conditioning

Answer 25

CS starts before US and ends at the same time

Question 26

trace conditioning

Answer 26

CS starts and ends before US

Question 27

backwards conditioning

Answer 27

US presented before CS

Question 28

extinction

Answer 28

reduction of CR when the CS is presented without US

Question 29

Response prevention paradigm

Answer 29

paradigm to block the response during the conditioning of a neutral stimulus and a US CS does lead to CR

Question 30

US devaluation paradigm

Answer 30

CS and US are conditioned but then the US is devalued CS does NOT lead to the CR

Question 31

sensory preconditioning paradigm

Answer 31

2 neutral stimuli are conditioned then CS1 is conditioned with an US later CS2 does lead to CR

Question 32

2nd order conditioning paradigm

Answer 32

neutral stimulus is conditioned with a US so it becomes CS1. CS1 is conditioned with new stimulus becoming CS2. CS2 does lead to CR- devalue the US and it still leads to CR

Question 33

contiguity

Answer 33

closeness in time and space of CS and US

Question 34

contingency

Answer 34

degree to which a CS predicts occurrence of US

Question 35

positive contingency

Answer 35

US is more likely when preceded by CS than when not preceded by CS

Question 36

negative contingency

Answer 36

US is less likely when preceded by CS than when not preceded by CS

Question 37

associative bias

Answer 37

some associations are simply just preferred by an organisms brain

Question 38

compound associations

Answer 38

two CSs are conditioned with the same US CSs compete for association with US.

Question 39

blocking

Answer 39

earlier arriving CS prevents conditioning to a later CS

Question 40

first part of equation

Answer 40

change in association strength (learning)

Question 41

a (in equation)

Answer 41

rate of learning

Question 42

upside down Y (in equation)

Answer 42

potential maximum strength of association between CSs and US

Question 43

V (in equation)

Answer 43

current strength of association between CSs and US