Exam 1

Question 1

Where does the 8th cervical spinal nerve exit the vertebral column?

Answer 1

Under the cervical 7 vertebra and above the thoracic 1 vertebra

Question 2

Cranial nerves VII and VIII enter/exit the brainstem at the

Answer 2

Pontomedullary junction (also called the cerebellopontine angle)

Question 3

Which answer below accurately lists the structures that make up the brainstem?

Answer 3

Medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

Question 4

Which type of axonal transport carries matrix proteins and subcellular organelles from the soma to the terminal boutons of an axon?

Answer 4

Slow anterograde axoplasmic flow

Question 5

Which two extrensic eye muscles are NOT innervated by CN III?

Answer 5

superior oblique and lateral rectus

Question 6

Where is the insula located?

Answer 6

Behind the lateral fissure and it is covered by the overlying opercula of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes

Question 7

Which fissure separates the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes ?

Answer 7

Lateral fissure (also called the Sylvian fissure or sulcus)

Question 8

What organelles in the cell are the site where protein synthesis occurs?

Answer 8

On the free and bound ribosomes

Question 9

The peripheral nervous system consists of…

Answer 9

The 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and the autonomic nervous system

Question 10

The spinal cord is _______________ to the brainstem.

Answer 10

inferior

Question 11

What cellular organelles provides the energy or power for a cell to function?

Answer 11

mitochondria

Question 12

Which statement below best describes the sodium-potassium pump?

Answer 12

The main function of the pump is to maintain the resting potential by actively moving sodium out of the cell and potassium back in to restore the proper balance.

Question 13

The 4 types of tissues in the human body are categorized as epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue?

Answer 13

Mesothelium

Question 14

towards the top or upper portion

Answer 14

superior

Question 15

toward the belly

Answer 15

ventral

Question 16

toward the back or backbone

Answer 16

dorsal

Question 17

toward the tail

Answer 17

caudal

Question 18

away from the point of attachment

Answer 18

distal

Question 19

Which of the following is rich in blood supply and forms red and white blood cells?

Answer 19

red blood cells

Question 20

List four specific structures that course through the internal auditory canal:

Answer 20

CN VII facial, CN VIII Cochlear division, SVN, IVN, labyrinthine artery

Question 21

List the three meningeal layers and state their location in relation to the skull and the brain tissue

Answer 21

PAD

Pia mater is closest to the brain tissue and dips into the sulci and fissures.

Arachnoid mater is above the pia (in the middle of the PAD) and has a subarachnoid space below it with cerebrospinal fluid.

Dura mater is the thick leathery covering that is the outer most meningeal layer. It is closest to the bone of the skull.

Question 22

Which description is most accurate with regards to the somatotopic mapping of the primary motor cortex and primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 22

The homunculus (representation of the body) has the head near the lateral fissure, the arm in the middle of the strip and the leg most superiorly with the leg dipping into the longitudinal fissure

Question 23

What is the name of the lower leg muscle that attaches to the Achilles tendon, and causes pointing of the foot (as in standing on your toes) when contracted?

Answer 23

Gastrocnemius

Question 24

What is the location of the primary motor cortex (M1) on the cerebrum?

Answer 24

On the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Question 25

List the names of the four main portions of the temporal bone (not the styloid or zygomatic processes)

Answer 25

squamous, petrous, mastoid, tympanic area

Question 26

In anatomical position, the thumb and the radius bone are located _______________________ to the ulna and pinky/little finger.

Answer 26

lateral

Question 27

Pertaining to the armpit

Answer 27

axillary

Question 28

Pertaining to the cheek

Answer 28

buccal

Question 29

Back of the hand and top of the foot

Answer 29

dorsum

Question 30

Pertaining to the abdomen

Answer 30

peritoneal

Question 31

Pertaining to the forearm from the elbow to the finger tips

Answer 31

cubital

Question 32

Pertaining to the neck

Answer 32

cervical

Question 33

Which region of the human skeleton refers to the central core, including the skull, sternum, vertebrae and ribs?

Answer 33

axial skeleton

Question 34

Pertaining to the ear

Answer 34

oto

Question 35

Pertaining to the ear

Answer 35

nephro

Question 36

Pertaining to muscle

Answer 36

my/o

Question 37

Pertaining to extremities/appendages

Answer 37

acr/o

Question 38

Absence of or without

Answer 38

a/an

Question 39

Pertaining to bone

Answer 39

oste/o

Question 40

Tumor

Answer 40

-oma

Question 41

Inflammation or infection

Answer 41

-itis

Question 42

pain

Answer 42

-algia

Question 43

Pertaining to the nose

Answer 43

rhin/o

Question 44

Chondr/o

Answer 44

cartilage

Question 45

What portion of a neuron usually has increased surface area (spikes or protrusions) to receive information to be carried to the soma?

Answer 45

dendrites

Question 46

Which terms refer to bones of the foot and toes?

Answer 46

Tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

Question 47

What type of joints are the shoulder joint and the hip joints?

Answer 47

ball and socket

Question 48

In the rib cage, which ribs do not directly attach to the sternum, and either attach to the other ribs via the costal cartilage or do not connect at the front of the rib cage at all?

Answer 48

false ribs (8-12)

Question 49

Bones are connected to bones to form joints by what type of structures?

Answer 49

ligaments

Question 50

What is the neurotransmitter for the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 50

acytecholine

Question 51

involuntary muscle in the gastrointestinal tract and other visceral

Answer 51

smooth muscle

Question 52

striated voluntary muscle for movements of the body

Answer 52

skeletal muscle

Question 53

striated muscle controlled by the autonomic nervous system to make the heart pump

Answer 53

cardiac muscle

Question 54

State the name of the two-headed arm muscle that is the main agonist for flexion at the elbow and list an antagonistic muscle and synergistic muscle or fixator. Be sure to answer all parts of the question.

Answer 54

The agonist causing the action = biceps Antagonist = triceps Then list either of the items below Synergist = brachioradialis and brachialis Fixator = rotator cuff muscles

Question 55

Which term for muscles based on their actions means to bring a limb or structure toward midline?

Answer 55

adductors

Question 56

The linings of the digestive and respiratory tracts are made up of what type of body tissue?

Answer 56

mucous membrane

Question 57

Which organelles in cells act as scavengers and contain enzymes to break down complex molecules or even digest other organelles and the cell?

Answer 57

lysosomes

Question 58

Approximately how long is the average adult ear canal?

Answer 58

2.5 cm

Question 59

Based on the 5 important functions of cell membrane proteins, clearly describe 3 of the important functions of such proteins that are on or in the cell membranes? State the function along with a brief description.

Answer 59

Transmembrane ion channel Carrier proteins Receptor sites Recognition sites Proteins that act as enzymes

Question 60

Which layer of the integumentary system is composed of dead, keratinized epithelial cells on the surface and contains melanocytes to produce melanin?

Answer 60

epidermis

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system? To provide a covering and protective barrier against invaders such as bacteria To produce and store vitamin A and C for the body To protect the body from ultraviolet (UV) rays To serve as site for numerous receptors to pick up environmental stimuli such as touch, vibration, temperature and more

Answer 61

To produce and store vitamin A and C for the body

Question 62

At a neuromuscular junction, a muscle fiber dumps neurotransmitter into the synapse and the muscle fiber is stimulated. When ion channels on the nerve fiber open, what ions are going to rush in to depolarize the muscle?

Answer 62

Na+

Question 63

What is a function of the pinna and the external ear canal?

Answer 63

Collect and funnel sound to the tympanic membrane. or Protect the ear because the S-curve shape, skin and wax help to keep the ear canal and tympanic membrane safe from objects, dirt, insects and infection.

Question 64

A greenstick fracture is an incomplete break/fracture that is more common in young children because the bone can be bent and broken on the outer surface without causing a complete fracture.

Answer 64

true

Question 65

Blood and CSF and waste products leave the venous sinuses and EXIT the skull via what vascular structures?

Answer 65

the jugular veins