Exam 1

Question 1

Hippocrates

Answer 1

somitogenesis
4 humors

Question 2

Galen

Answer 2

animal dissection
physical: head, adolescence, menstrual
mental: shock, hear, love

Question 3

Avicenne

Answer 3

wrote canon of medicine
classified and defined mental illnesses

Question 4

Johann Weyer

Answer 4

rebutted the malleus maleficarum

Question 5

Benjamin Rush

Answer 5

bloodleting + tranquilizer

Question 6

Joseph Cox

Answer 6

swinging chair to cure mental illness

Question 7

Phillipe Pinel

Answer 7

La Bicetre asylum
treated with sympathy and kindness

Question 8

William Tuke

Answer 8

york retreat
trained nurses and physicians
rest, talk, pray

Question 9

Benjamin Rush (later)

Answer 9

hired intelligent and sensitive staff
walk around the grounds

Question 10

Dorothea Dix

Answer 10

worldwide awareness
32 mental hospitals

Question 11

8000 BCE

Answer 11

supernatural beliefs

Question 12

460-377 BCE

Answer 12

Hippocrates - somitogenesis - 4 humors

Question 13

130-200 CE

Answer 13

galen - NS/animal disections
bloodletting

Question 14

980-1037 CE

Answer 14

Persia - book of all mental illnesses

Question 15

Middle Ages

Answer 15

supernatural
witches (hunt)

Question 16

16th - 19th century

Answer 16

Era of Asylums
Bad and harsh conditions

Question 17

Humanitarian Reform

Answer 17

treated with kindness

Question 18

New Era of Asylums

Answer 18

run by medical professionals

Question 19

Modern Times

Answer 19

Somatogenesis (physiological cause) vs. psychogenesis (origin)

Question 20

multidimensional models

Answer 20

what cause and maintain suffering

Question 21

polygenic

Answer 21

transmission = norm
gene specify protein structure

Question 22

Transcription factors regulated by

Answer 22

environment

Question 23

epigenetics

Answer 23

environmental experiences also impact genetic expression

Question 24

Diathesis

Answer 24

underlying predisposition or vulnerability
increase risk of disorders

Question 25

Stress

Answer 25

environmental effects

Question 26

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 26

cause factors like genetics, neurobiological, psychological, environmental

Question 27

Prefrontal lobotomy

Answer 27

surgery to help mentally ill by poking brain through eye

Question 28

norepinephrine

Answer 28

anxiety and stress

Question 29

GABA

Answer 29

inhibits nerve impulse + anxiety

Question 30

Behavioral theory

Answer 30

our actions are determined by our experiences in live

Question 31

Factor Theory

Answer 31

escape and avoidance learning

Question 32

Cognitive behavioral theory

Answer 32

where we grew up, with who, how, cultural influences

Question 33

Reliability

Answer 33

degree to which a measurement is consistent

Question 34

Validity

Answer 34

degree to which a technique measures what is designed to measure

Question 35

Standardization

Answer 35

application of certain standards to ensure consistency across different measurements

Question 36

taxonomy

Answer 36

classification in a scientific context

Question 37

nosology

Answer 37

Taxonomy used in psychological/medical phenomena

Question 38

nomenslature

Answer 38

names or labels in a nosological system

Question 39

ICD-II

Answer 39

all categories of physical and mental health disorders WHO published

Question 40

comorbity

Answer 40

2+ disorders diagnosed in the same person

Question 41

categorical

Answer 41

assume disorders are unique and discrete

Question 42

dimensional

Answer 42

disorders are points on a continuum

Question 43

p factor

Answer 43

Internalizing and externalizing overlap (underlying trait that causes that)

Question 44

case study

Answer 44

biographical descriptions, helpful for rare disorders paradigm influence observation, can't rule out alternative explanation

Question 45

epidemiology

Answer 45

distribution of disorders in a population and possible correlations

Question 46

3 features of a disorder

Answer 46

prevalence, incidence, risk factor

Question 47

experimental effect

Answer 47

difference between conditions on dependent

Question 48

internal validity

Answer 48

results due to independent variable

Question 49

external validity

Answer 49

results generalized to the population

Question 50

withdrawal design

Answer 50

stop treatment to see if behavior/symptoms return the way they were before

Question 51

multiple baseline design

Answer 51

start treatment at different times and under different conditions

Question 52

episodic

Answer 52

dissipates over timer

Question 53

recurrent

Answer 53

if it happened once it is a big chance it will happen again

Question 54

persistent depressive disorder

Answer 54

2+ years

Question 55

disruptive mood dysregulation

Answer 55

temper outburst

Question 56

early-onset depression

Answer 56

before 20 more problematic more severe

Question 57

late-onset depression

Answer 57

more favorable single episode

Question 58

mixed features

Answer 58

can occur in both disorders

Question 59

interpersonal contexts

Answer 59

family, intimate relationships, general relationships decrease social support is damaging

Question 60

antidepressant medication

Answer 60

MAOIs + TCAs effective

Question 61

second-generated antidepressant

Answer 61

SSRIs, NRIs, SNRIs

Question 62

ECT

Answer 62

induce brain seizure and momentary unconsciousness

Question 63

suicide ideation

Answer 63

thoughts of ending one's life regardless of intensity

Question 64

non-suicidal behavior

Answer 64

deliberate direct destruction of body tissue without a conscious suicidal intent

Question 65

postvention

Answer 65

intervention to address the care of bereaved survivors, caregivers, healthcare providers

Question 66

suicide contagion

Answer 66

suicide + behavior increase exposed to suicide of others

Question 67

neurobiological model

Answer 67

heritability (48% for suicide attempts)

Question 68

interpersonal theory

Answer 68

will have to have 3 to be lethal I am alone I am a burden I am not afraid to die