Exam 1

Question 1

hydrogen bond

Answer 1

If a partially charged oxygen
(negative) from one molecule is
interacting with a partially charged
hydrogen (positive) from another
molecule, what type of interaction is
happening

Question 2

covalent bonds

Answer 2

non-polar- share electrons equally and hydrophobic
polar-share unequally and are hydrophilic

Question 3

Non-covalent bonds provide what

Answer 3

flexibility

Question 4

The protein interacts with the lipids in the plasma membrane:

Answer 4

hydrophobic

Question 5

protein interacts with water in the cytoplasm

Answer 5

hydrogen bonds

Question 6

Amino acid side chain interact with water as water flows through the channel:

Answer 6

hydrophilic

Question 7

ionic bonds

Answer 7

-Made when on atom gives up an electron and creates negative and positive
-in cell not as strong as covalent bonds

Question 8

CHONP

Answer 8

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potassium/other

Question 9

T/F: all monomers of macromolecules have directionality, so macromolecules have directionality

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

Monomer activation (step 1)

Answer 10

addition of a monomer to a carrier molecule (uses ATP)

Question 11

Which macromolecule uses ionic bonds for folding

Answer 11

proteins

Question 12

Match monomers to each macromolecule

Answer 12

Protein: amino acid (peptide bonds)
Carbs: monosacs
Nucleic acids: nucleotides (phospho)
Lipids: fatty acids

Question 13

step 2 of macro synthesis

Answer 13

condensation/dehydration reaction between two monomers

Question 14

step 3 macro synthesis

Answer 14

repeated condensation reactions to make polymer

Question 14

Nucleotides include

Answer 14

pyrimidines (1 ring): Uricil, cytosine, thymine
Purine (2 ring): Adenine and guanine

Question 15

Acidic or negative side chains

Answer 15

aspartic and glutamic acid

Question 16

basic side chains or positive

Answer 16

lysine, arginine and histidine

Question 17

uncharged polar side chains

Answer 17

Asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine

Question 18

Non-polar side chains

Answer 18

Alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, glycine, and cysteine

Question 19

Assemblers for each macromolecule

Answer 19

Protein: ribosome (ionic interactions, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interaction)
Nucleic acid: polymerases (H bonds)
Polysaccs: glycosyl transferases
Lipids: fatty acid synthases (hydrophobic)

Question 20

protein function is limited and defined by what

Answer 20

protein structure

Question 21

4 levels of protein structures

Answer 21

primary (covalent bonds)
secondary (between amine and carbonyl groups from backbones)
tertiary
quaternary

Question 22

Transmembrane proteins

Answer 22

go all the way through the membrane

Question 23

monolayer associated

Answer 23

go only in half the lipid membrane

Question 24

lipid-linked-

Answer 24

interact with attached lipid and hydrophobic membrane

Question 25

protien attached

Answer 25

associated with a protein that is associated with the cell

Question 26

Cholesterol

Answer 26

cold makes membrane more fluid, but hot makes membrane more ridgid

Question 27

Membranes are fluid

Answer 27

held together non-covalently, bonds can be easily broken and created

Question 28

Amphipathic

Answer 28

hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 29

Saturated membranes

Answer 29

long chains more rigid, more hydrophobic interactions

Question 30

unsaturated membrane

Answer 30

shorter, decrease distance in the kinks, more rigid

Question 31

What molecules can just cross a membrane?

Answer 31

small, nonpolar molecules

Question 32

simple diffusion

Answer 32

when molecules cross with their concentration gradient and without energy

Question 33

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 33

Channel- mediated: very specfic holes
transporter mediated: use allostery and is saturatable