Exam 1

Question 1

Ex: actor who says not to get the vaccine

Answer 1

authority

-speaks outside of expertise
-own interest to protect

Question 2

What’s a limitation of content analysis?

Answer 2

Does not permit us to make inferences

Question 3

What’s another limitation of content analysis

Answer 3

Finding the content but cannot tell anything about the effects

Question 4

Cross-sectional survey

Answer 4

at one time

Question 5

Longitudinal Trend Study

Answer 5

A survey with different people over a course of time

Question 6

Longitudinal Panel Study

Answer 6

A survey with the same people over a course of time

Question 7

Generalizable

Answer 7

results from a sample can be extended to the whole population

Question 8

Random sample

Answer 8

equal chance of being selected

Question 9

non-random sample

Answer 9

based on convience
ex: one person of each group

Question 10

Powerful Effects Perspective

Answer 10

Media will have big effects on Person x
-Late 19th century

Question 11

Limited effects perspective

Answer 11

media has no effect on person x
1940s-1970s

Question 12

Partial Effects Perspective

Answer 12

the effect will depend on the type of content provided
-1980’s

Question 13

Developmental Theory: Kids age 2-7 think ___?

Answer 13

Perceptually

Question 14

Developmental Theory: Kids age 7+ think ___?

Answer 14

Conceptually

Question 15

Sematic Affinaty

Answer 15

Media can have more or less similarity to current mood

Question 16

Hedonic Valence

Answer 16

Media will be pleasant or unpleasant

Question 17

Absorption potenital

Answer 17

Media will absorb us; not draw us in

Question 18

Excitory potential

Answer 18

Media can be arousing or calming

Question 19

Sensation Seekers (individual difference)

Answer 19

people who seek out stimulating activities

Question 20

Gender Socialization

Answer 20

Individual differences between sexes

Question 21

People’s Choice Study

Answer 21

study of the 1940 U.S. presidential election contest between Democrat FDR and Republican Wendell Willkie

Question 22

3 Criteria for Causality

Answer 22

1) Logical association between variables
2) Constant time order (one comes before other)
3) Third variables must be eliminated

Question 23

WWII Study

Answer 23

-experiment
-treatment vs. control

Question 24

How many people were followed in People’s Choice study & how?

Answer 24

600 people and every fourth house (random sampling)

Question 25

How many times did the voters get questioned in the People's Choice Study

Answer 25

7 times

Question 26

What method was the Peoples choice study

Answer 26

Longitudinal Panel Study

Question 27

What is the conversion effect?

Answer 27

Process by which minority influence brings about internal, private change in the attitudes of a majority

Question 28

What is the Reinforcement Effect?

Answer 28

When media exposure is not affecting the majority and instead it reassures the effects

Question 29

Two-step

Answer 29

the transmission of information and ideas from mass media to opinion leaders and then to friends

Question 30

What do you need to be an opinion leader?

Answer 30

Active news media users, held in high esteem by community, expert in one domain

Question 31

What are the 3 ways of knowing?

Answer 31

experience, authority, and science

Question 32

what are the 3 goals of science?

Answer 32

prediction, control, interpretation

Question 33

Theory

Answer 33

set of statements that identify key variables, predicts how they are related and suggests an explanation

Question 34

What are the characteristics of scientific research?

Answer 34

general, public, cumulative, skeptical

Question 35

What are the 3 research methods

Answer 35

Content analysis, survey, experiment

Question 36

What is reliability

Answer 36

the overall consistency of a measure

Question 37

manifest content

Answer 37

material that's obvious

Question 38

latent content

Answer 38

content that has to be interpreted

Question 39

correlation does not imply

Answer 39

causation

Question 39

what is causality?

Answer 39

a relationship between two variables, such that one influences the existence of, or change of, another

Question 40

what is the control group?

Answer 40

the group that does not receive the treatment

Question 41

Instead of having a real effect on the soldiers for WWII study, what happened?

Answer 41

the ceiling effect

Question 42

what is the ceiling effect

Answer 42

feeling super high with pride but not really getting an outcome

Question 43

What is content analysis?

Answer 43

Looking at content and coming up with a question

Question 44

what is a valence

Answer 44

whether emotion is positive or negative

Question 45

individual differences

Answer 45

more or less characteristics from one person to another

Question 46

what is the developmental theory?

Answer 46

ages 2-7 think perceptually while 7+ think conceptually

Question 47

Mood management theory

Answer 47

how individuals select media to manage their moods

Question 48

what are the four dimensions of media relevant to mood

Answer 48

1) sematic affinity 2) hedonic valence 3) absorbtion potential 4) excitatory potential

Question 49

natural selection

Answer 49

the action of selecting media that you want to watch

Question 50

what is the cumulative effect?

Answer 50

emotions just keep building on top of each other

Question 51

what are individual differences?

Answer 51

personality, social and economic status, moral foundation, age and development, emotion processing and experiences