Exam 1

Question 1

A buffer

Answer 1

donates H+ ions when conditions become too basic and accept H+ ions when conditions become too acidic.

Question 2

In a water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a(n) ________ bond.

Answer 2

polar covalent

Question 3

the four most common elements in living organisms are

Answer 3

C,H,O,N

Question 4

typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. an isotope of nitrogen could

Answer 4

have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom

Question 5

what is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding

Answer 5

In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond, one partner accepts electrons from the other.

Question 6

Which of the following statements best describes a compound?

Answer 6

A compound contains two or more different elements in a fixed ratio

Question 7

____________ are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bonds within and around large molecules

Answer 7

hydrogen bonds

Question 8

Trait selection by humans resulting in domestication is called _____________ selection

Answer 8

Artificial

Question 9

The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect represent ____________ structures.

Answer 9

analogous

Question 10

the similar anatomies of vertebrate limbs represent ___________ structures

Answer 10

homologous

Question 11

Bases

Answer 11

either accept H+ ions from solutions or donate OH- ions to solutions

Question 12

A solute is….

Answer 12

the component that is dissolved in the solution

Question 13

A solution with a pH of 7 is

Answer 13

neutral

Question 14

A solution with a pH above 7 is

Answer 14

basic

Question 15

A solution with a pH below 7 is

Answer 15

acidic

Question 16

A(n) blank forms when two atoms share electrons

Answer 16

covalent bond

Question 17

Compared to a ph of 3, a solution of ph 1 is

Answer 17

100 times more acidic

Question 18

A radioactive isotope is an isotope that..

Answer 18

decays

Question 19

An uncharged atom of Boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?

Answer 19

5

Question 20

If you found a fossilized dinosaur bone, what method could be used to determine the age of the fossil?

Answer 20

radiometric dating

Question 21

evolution by natural selection relies upon

Answer 21

all of the choices are correct; 1)differential reproductive success, 2)variation within the population, and 3)variation that must be heritable.

Question 22

Differential reproductive success over time leading to decent with modification is called

Answer 22

adaptation

Question 23

An incorrect idea of evolution based on the inheritance of acquired characteristics is called

Answer 23

Lamarckian evolution

Question 24

Large antlers in male elk, which are used for battles between males, are a good example of a trait favored by

Answer 24

sexual selection

Question 25

Darwin found that many of the species on the Galapagos islands

Answer 25

resembled species on the nearest mainland

Question 26

Members of the Kingdom Animalia

Answer 26

can obtain their food by eating other organisms

Question 27

organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains

Answer 27

bacteria and archaea

Question 28

kingdom fungi includes species

Answer 28

that obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients

Question 29

How to figure out which common ancestor is the most recent

Answer 29

which knot(number) is most recent

Question 30

Directional selection

Answer 30

form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves, changing

Question 31

Stabilizing selection

Answer 31

form of natural selection by which the center of the curve remains in its current position just pushed up more, favoring

Question 32

disruptive selection

Answer 32

form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two

Question 33

some RNA molecules can function like enzymes. these particular enzymatic RNA molecules are called

Answer 33

ribozymes

Question 34

Miller-Urey-type experiments have shown that

Answer 34

complex organic molecules can be produced by physical processes from inorganic components

Question 35

An hypothesis is

Answer 35

a tentative answer to some question

Question 36

In an ecosystem, nutrients ___________ while energy ___________________.

Answer 36

cycle and flows

Question 37

In 1600's Redis experiment disproved ______________________ in ________________________ organisms

Answer 37

spontaneous generation........... large

Question 38

Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which one of the following sequences illustrates that hierarchy as it increases in complexity?

Answer 38

molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem

Question 39

the two basic cell-types are called what

Answer 39

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 40

the ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is

Answer 40

sunlight

Question 41

which of the following choice list taxonomic categories in order from most specific to most general

Answer 41

genus, family, order, class, phylum

Question 42

Which of the following is written correctly? the scientific name of the human species is

Answer 42

Capitalized is only Homo, Italicized whole thing. Homo sapiens

Question 43

which scientist developed the system of taxonomic classification that biologists still use today?

Answer 43

Linnaeus

Question 44

Which hierarchy is a community

Answer 44

would be considered all organisms in a place

Question 45

Which of the following organisms belongs to the group represented in box 1? box 1 is shown taking in sunlight and giving chemical energy to consumers and giving heat

Answer 45

tree

Question 46

Which of the following is a kingdom within the domain of Eukarya

Answer 46

fungi

Question 47

"a population or group of populations that have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring" is known and the ____________ species concept

Answer 47

biological

Question 48

which of the following types of reproductive barriers separates a pair of species that could interbreed except that one mates at dusk and the other at dawn?

Answer 48

temporal isolation

Question 49

a molecule that is comprised both of protein and carbohydrate components is called what?

Answer 49

glycoprotein

Question 50

An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by

Answer 50

adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules

Question 51

fatty acids are

Answer 51

hydrophobic

Question 52

genetic information is encoded in the

Answer 52

sequence of nucleotides in DNA

Question 53

A glucose molecule is to starch as _____ are to proteins

Answer 53

amino acids

Question 54

the four letters representing nucleotide bases in DNA include which of the following

Answer 54

A,G,C,T

Question 55

The level of protein structure creating alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets due to hydrogen bonding is called the ____________ structure

Answer 55

secondary

Question 56

the level of protein structure defined by the joining of two or more polypeptide chains is called the __________ structure

Answer 56

Quartenary

Question 57

the level of protein structure determining an overall 3-dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions between R-groups is called the ______________ structure

Answer 57

tertiary

Question 58

the specific chemical properties of amino acids are determined by their

Answer 58

R-group

Question 59

These two molecules are structural isomers. What is the difference between them?

Answer 59

the location of the a double-bonded oxygen atom, fructose and glucose

Question 60

primary structure is

Answer 60

sequence of amino acids, bonding the peptide and amino acids

Question 61

sexual dimorphism

Answer 61

Differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species.

Question 62

Linnaean System

Answer 62

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 63

prezygotic barriers

Answer 63

prevent mating or fertilization, temporal isolation (different times of day flowers open), mechanical isolation (sex organs are not compatible), habitat isolation (same area different habitats), gametic isolation (gametes can't unite to form a zygote, in mammals sperm can't survive in female of another species), behavioral isolation (courtship rituals, pheromones).

Question 64

postzygotic barriers

Answer 64

after zygotes are formed. hybrid inviability (genes are not compatible and the hybrids don't survive), hybrid sterility (hybrids reach maturity but are sterile), hybrid breakdown (2nd generation hybrids inviable or sterile)

Question 65

3 Domains

Answer 65

Bacteria (bacteria), Archaea (archaea), Eukarya (kingdom fungi, kingdom Animalia, kingdom plantae, protists)

Question 66

covalent bond

Answer 66

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

Question 67

ionic bond

Answer 67

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 68

hydrogen bonds

Answer 68

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Question 69

Francesco Redi

Answer 69

disproved spontaneous generation for "large" organisms

Question 70

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Answer 70

disproved spontaneous generation for microorganisms

Question 71

Louis Pasteur

Answer 71

disproved spontaneous generation for microorganisms once and for all

Question 72

prokaryotic cell

Answer 72

cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 73

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 73

have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 74

Flow of genetic information

Answer 74

DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein

Question 75

Hydrophobic

Answer 75

water fearing

Question 76

Hydrophilic

Answer 76

water loving

Question 77

1st shell

Answer 77

1 orbital, holds 2 electrons

Question 78

2nd shell

Answer 78

4 orbitals, 8 electrons

Question 79

3rd shell

Answer 79

9 orbitals, 18 electrons

Question 80

non polar

Answer 80

equal sharing of electrons

Question 81

polar

Answer 81

unequal sharing of electrons

Question 82

hydrophilic (bonds)

Answer 82

polar covalent bonds and ionic bonds

Question 83

hydrophobic (bonds)

Answer 83

non polar covalent bonds

Question 84

C,H,O,N all have what in common

Answer 84

all have electron vacancies in the outer shell

Question 85

Acids donate

Answer 85

H+ ions

Question 86

solvent

Answer 86

the substance in which the solute dissolves, liquid

Question 87

atomic number

Answer 87

number of protons

Question 88

atomic mass

Answer 88

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 89

six main functional groups

Answer 89

hydroxyl group(OH), carbonyl group (C=O), carboxyl group (COOH), Amino group (NH2), phosphate group (OPO3), Methyl group (CH3)

Question 90

monomers of carbohydrates

Answer 90

monosaccharides

Question 91

monomers of lipids

Answer 91

fatty acids

Question 92

monomers of proteins

Answer 92

amino acids

Question 93

monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 93

nucleotides

Question 94

condensation/dehydration reaction

Answer 94

water molecule is produced, a covalent bond is produced between monomer units

Question 95

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 95

water molecule is broken, a covalent bond is broken between monomer units