Exam 1

Question 1

tenacity

Answer 1

unwilligness to change beliefs

Question 2

scientific concensus

Answer 2

peer reviewed work or what scientists say

Question 3

beneficence and non malficence

Answer 3

working for the benefit of the people and avoiding harm

Question 3

exempt research

Answer 3

research the federal government does not require review and approval

Question 3

fidelity and responsibility

Answer 3

working for the benefit of the community

Question 3

integrity

Answer 3

honest application of research

Question 3

justice

Answer 3

striving to make good professional judgements

Question 4

respect

Answer 4

people’s rights; eliminates bias

Question 5

deception

Answer 5

not always possible to eliminate but always try to minimize

Question 6

informed consent

Answer 6

participants must be fully informed and choose to participate

Question 7

report data

Answer 7

accurately

Question 8

unethical treatment of subjects/ participants

Answer 8

tuskegee syphllyis study
little albert experiments
nazi experimentation

Question 9

research fraud/ corruption

Answer 9

falsifying data
plagiarism
not reporting accurately
undisclosed conflicts of interest

Question 10

legal requirements and ethics in research

Answer 10

informed consent: must choose to participate
voluntary participation: must be free to decline participation and free to withdraw without penalty
debriefing: tell what study was and if deception was used (reverse effects of deception (desensitization))
anonymity: not always possible
confidentiality: if cant be anonymous, dont share info
coercion: must undue influence

Question 11

IRB

Answer 11

must review and approve most research

Question 11

implicit deception

Answer 11

there is a reason you are using it

Question 12

technical

Answer 12

misinforming participants on how an apparatus is being used

Question 12

role deception

Answer 12

misinforming participants on the role of others

Question 13

ethical issues in cross cultural research

Answer 13

must be acceptable to the researcher and the people being studied

Question 14

ethical issues in internet research

Answer 14

not always anonymous and can be an issue if post study follow ups are needed

Question 15

ethical issues in survey research

Answer 15

confidentiality and anonymity

Question 16

ethical issues in animal research

Answer 16

cost benefit analysis (does it make sense cost wise to do this compared to the benefits it may result in)

Question 17

theoretical papers

Answer 17

propose new theories
include empirical data
review of existing literature
speculate or draw on related theories

Question 18

lit reviews

Answer 18

summarize other bodies of work
propose revisions/ shortcomings
make recommendations and suggest what needs to be addressed

Question 19

empirical papers

Answer 19

test new and existing theories using different methods and procedures
expand other theories
can contain multiple studies

Question 20

empirical paper format

Answer 20

abstract, methods, results, discussion

Question 21

meta analysis

Answer 21

quantitative “study of studies”
compiles results from existing studies and compares

Question 22

research island

Answer 22

solitary description of a study without integrating as a concept throughout
not tying findings together

Question 23

demarcation

Answer 23

the action of fixing the boundary of something
(science vs pseudoscience)

Question 24

theories must

Answer 24

specify certain circumstances under which the theory is disproven (earth = center of universe)
have testable predictions
be able to ‘kill’ theory

Question 25

authority

Answer 25

acceptance of knowledge from an authority or expert

Question 26

a priori method

Answer 26

knowledge from logic based on premises that are subject to change (something can be true now but later on not be)

Question 27

hard science

Answer 27

quantitative experiences

Question 28

soft science

Answer 28

qualitative experiences

Question 29

falsifiability

Answer 29

must be able to be disproven

Question 30

objective

Answer 30

clearly specified and well defined

Question 31

data driven

Answer 31

based on empirical data

Question 32

replicable

Answer 32

other investigators are able to repeat to compare results

Question 33

public

Answer 33

research must be made public for scrutinization and new research

Question 34

characteristics of scientific research

Answer 34

falsifiability
objectiveness
data driven
replicable
public

Question 35

ethical guidelines created by the APA

Answer 35

beneficence and non malficence
fidelity and responsibility
justice
integrity
respect of basic rights
informed consent
minimizing or eliminating deception
reporting accurately and honestly

Question 36

op def

Answer 36

working definition of a concept based on how it is measured (anxiety could be measured by increased heart rate, shortness of breath, etc)

Question 37

hypothetical construct

Answer 37

concept that helps us understand a bx but not directly observable (intelligence or motivation are studied in psych but not directly observable)

Question 38

population

Answer 38

all the people you want to address in the research

Question 39

sample

Answer 39

what you use to describe the population (pop= MSU students, sample= a specific degree or class

Question 40

simple random

Answer 40

everyone has the same chances of being chosen

Question 41

systematic

Answer 41

not random but every 10th person so it is still unbiased

Question 42

stratified random

Answer 42

random sampling from already chosen subgroups (race groups that are then randomly sampled)