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Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What did BJ mean by “things natural”?

A

Separate chiropractic from religion

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2
Q

What did BJ mean by “by hands only”?

A

Separate chiropractic from surgery

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3
Q

“Dis-ease” is only caused by…

A

Vertebral subluxation

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4
Q

Name the Definition: Study of the fundamental nature of reality and existence and of the essence of things

A

Metaphysics

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5
Q

What are the 4 branches of Metaphysics?

A

1) Materialism
2) Mechanism
3) Teleology
4) Vitalism

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6
Q

Definition of Epistemology

A

Determine nature, basis and extent of knowledge.
Knowing
Nature of truth
Relationship between knowledge and belief

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7
Q

________ is one form of Epistemology

A

Empiricism

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8
Q

What is Practice relying on observation and experiment in the natural sciences.
KNOWLEDGE begins with EXPERIENCE?

A

Empiricism

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9
Q

Definition of Logic

A

Study of principles and methods of reasoning. Explores distinguishing good and bad reasoning

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10
Q

Definition of Ethics

A

Human conduct, character and values. Nature of right and wrong / good and evil

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11
Q

Definition of Aesthetics

A

Creation and principles of art and beauty. THoughts, feelings and attitudes

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12
Q

What was the historical mindset for subluxation?

A

Chiro’s do not diagnose symptoms and treat disease rather they analyze the spine and adjust subluxations

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13
Q

Definition of Subluxation

A

The articular lesion less than a dislocation

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14
Q

Definition of manipulate subluxation

A

Lesion amendable to chiropractic manipulation

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15
Q

Definition of subluxation complex

A

A theoretical model that describes the widespread effects of subluxation

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16
Q

Definition of subluxation syndrome

A

Clinical manifestation that include associated symptoms and physical signs of a subluxation OR aggregate of signs that relate to pathophysiology of dysfunction of spinal and pelvic motion segments or to peripheral joints

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17
Q

Name the Definition: Functional unit made up of two adjacent articulating surfaces and connective tissues binding them together

A

motion segment

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18
Q

Definition of Spinal motion segment

A

2 adjacent vertebrae and the connecting tissues binding them to each other

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19
Q

Characteristic and Domain of Subluxation

A

C: Articular Lesion
D: Researchers

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20
Q

Characteristic and Domain of Subluxation Complex

A

C: Theoretical Models
D: Educators

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21
Q

Characteristic and Domain of Subluxation Syndrome

A

C: Signs & Symptoms
D: Practitioners

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22
Q

Characteristic and Domain of Motion Segment Dysfunction

A

C: Common Currency

D: Politicians

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23
Q

Characteristic and Domain of Medical Subluxation

A

C: Unstable Segment
D: Surgeons

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24
Q

Manual therapy definition

A

Hands directly contact the body to treat articulations or soft tissue

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25
Q

Name the definition: Manual procedure involving direct thrust to move a joint past the physiological ROM without exceeding anatomical limit

A

Manipulation

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26
Q

Name the definition: Movement applied within or at the physiologic ROM without a thrust or impulse, goal of restoring joint mobility

A

Mobilization

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27
Q

Adjustment definition

A

Any chiropractic therapy that uses a controlled force, leverage, direction, amp, and velocity directed at specific joints

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28
Q

What are the three specific paradigms?

A

1) Patient Centered
2) Biopsychosocial
3) ACC

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29
Q

The patient centered paradigm encapsulates…

A

Uniqueness of the philosophical first principles of chiropractic

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30
Q

ACC’s New definition of SUbluxation

A

“A subluxation is a complex of functional and/or structural and/or pathological articular changes that compromise neural integrity and may influence organ system function and general health.”

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31
Q

ACC’s NEW definition of SUbluxation is endorsed by? (4)

A

1) ACA
2) ICA
3) COCSA
4) WFC

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32
Q

The subluxation complex should be viewed as a…

A

1) Conceptual model
2) Pathology
3) Generator of symptoms
4) local condition

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33
Q

Faye’s 5 component VSC model did what?

A

Moved beyond the attic “bone out of place” model placing emphasis on dynamic vertebral motion

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34
Q

What are the 4 basic movements of spinal segments according to Faye’s 5 component model?

A

1) Rotation about longitudinal axis
2) Right or Left lat. Flexion
3) Ant. Flexion
4) Post. Extension
5) LAD

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35
Q

Clinically, most fixations have _________% normal mobility

A

20-80%

36
Q

Ankylosis of a joint = ________% fixation

A

100%

37
Q

Components of the neuropathophysiologic component (3)

A

1) Irritation
2) Compression or mechanical Insult
3) Decreased axoplasmic flow

38
Q

Components of Kinesiopathlogic component

A

1) Hypomobility
2) Compensatory hyper mobility

39
Q

What component directly is affected by the chiropractic adjustment?

A

Kinesiopathologic

40
Q

Components of the myopathologic component

A

Spasm or hypertonicity of muscles

41
Q

Hiltons law is a part of what component?

A

Myopathologic

42
Q

What is Hilton’s Law?

A

Nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles which move the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles

43
Q

What law’s are a part of the histopathologic component?

A

Weigert’s & Wolff’s

44
Q

What is weigert’s law?

A

Loss of a part or element results in compensatory replacement and overproduction of tissue
(Like a Callus)

45
Q

Examples of Histopathologic conditions:

A
  • Inflammation
  • Degeneration
  • arthritis
46
Q

What are the 5 signs of inflammation?

A

1) Redness
2) Heat
3) Swelling
4) Pain
5) Loss of function

47
Q

What is the pathophysiology component?

A

Hormonal/chemical effects or imbalance related to pre inflammatory stress syndrome
Producing histamine, prostaglandin and bradykinin

48
Q

What is referred to as the end result of the VSC?

A

General Adaptation Syndrome

49
Q

What is general adaptation syndrome’s 3 components?

A

1) Alarm
2) Resistance
3) Exhaustion

50
Q

Normal creep deformity occurs with…

A

Prolonged static posture

51
Q

Name the definition: Mechanical phenomenon associated with local, uncontrolled mechanical response to spinal loading

A

Spinal Buckling Thoery

52
Q

Creep deformity is a part of what theory?

A

Spinal buckling

53
Q

MOI of spinal buckling

A

1) Creep
2) repetitive poor posture
3) rapid loading of spine
4) issues with spine stabilizing muscles

54
Q

What term is used to describe the most common spinal lesion treated by chiropractors?

A

Segmental Dysfunction

55
Q

What is the most common spinal lesion?

A

Segmental dysfunction hypothesis

56
Q

Segmental Dysfunction =

A

Lack of ROM

57
Q

What is phase 1 of the VSC?

A

Segmental Dynsfunction

58
Q

Triad of signs for adjusting the SDF

A

1) spinous tenderness
2) loss of normal ROM
3) abnormal contraction of paraspinals

59
Q

What is the precursor to fascilitation?

A

Myopathology

60
Q

What are the 2 groups of Neurobiological models?

A

Noninflammatory & Inflammatory

61
Q

The noninflammatory neurobiologic model causes

A

Sustained alterations in neural excitability

62
Q

Which Dr. Created the “fixation theory” of non-inflammatory models?

A

Korr

63
Q

What Dr. Created the “spinal learning” thoery a.k.a. Neuroplasticity?

A

Patterson-Steinmetz

64
Q

According to the Korr’s theory:

A

When the ANS is involved then its known as sympathiconia

65
Q

Korr Fixation THeory includes what components of the VSC theory?

A

Bio mechanical and Neurological aspect of SDF

66
Q

What is considered the corrective component of the Korr fixation theory?

A

Golgi Tendon Organ

67
Q

Korr’s fixation theory starts with…

A

Hypomobility of the motor unit

68
Q

What is Sympatheticotonia?

A

The somatoautonomic reflex response

69
Q

What is the basis of the Spinal Learning theory?

A
  • perpetuates after stimulus stops
  • “Neural Scar”
70
Q

Segmental facilitation generates

A

A sustained altered stimulus

71
Q

Is adjustment effective for spinal learning?

A

YES

72
Q

The inflammatory neurological models are associated with (2)

A

1) peptides and inflammation on the nerve propagation
2) inflammatory changes secondary to tissue trauma

73
Q

What are the 4 Inflammatory SDF models?

A

1) Dvorak
2) Gatterman-Goe
3) Mense
4) Evans

74
Q

Dvorak’s inflammatory model talks about…

A

Postural muscles

75
Q

Gatterman-Goe inflammatory model talks about…

A

Myofascial trigger points (MFTP)

76
Q

Mense’s inflammatory model talks about…

A

Local muscle T2P (tender to Palpations)

77
Q

Evans inflammatory model talks about…

A

Minimal energy hypothesis

78
Q

Gatterman-Goe proposed that:

A

Traumatic or postural strain of skeletal muscle could generate MFTP

79
Q

Who’s model focuses more on the sequel are of SDF rather than the cause of the mechanical spinal lesion?

A

Mense’s Inflammatory Neurological model

80
Q

What model’s basic premise is “the spine will seek an optimal minimal energy configuration”?

A

Minimal Energy Hypothesis by Evans

81
Q

Who invented the PulStarFRAS?

A

Evans

82
Q

All of the neurobiologic models of SDF lead to

A

Segmental Facilitation

83
Q

Any reference to what can relate to the dural torque theory?

A

CSF or Meninges

84
Q

Meninges consists of: (3)

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

85
Q

How do you correct Dural torque and CSF flow?

A

Pelvic Blocking

86
Q

Proprioceptive Insult typically applies to what MOI’s?

A

Post traumatic or post surgical

87
Q

Congenital anomalies that are considered proprioceptive insult theory?

A

Hemi-Vertebrae, Congenital Fusion etc.

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