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AVS 101 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Buck

A

Mature male goat

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2
Q

Doe

A

Mature female goat

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3
Q

Kid

A

Goat offspring

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4
Q

Doeling

A

Female offspring

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5
Q

Buckling

A

Male offspring

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6
Q

Wether

A

Castrated male goat

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7
Q

Ram

A

Mature male sheep

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8
Q

Ewe

A

Mature female sheep

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9
Q

Lamb

A

Young sheep (under a one year)

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10
Q

Bull

A

Mature male cow

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11
Q

Cow

A

Mature female

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12
Q

Steer

A

Castrated male cow

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13
Q

Heifer

A

Immature female that has not had a calf

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14
Q

Calf

A

Cow offspring

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15
Q

Utilitarianism

A

An action is right if and only if it produces the most overall happiness of all available actions

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16
Q

Kantianism

A

This moral theory rejects the utilitarian view that consequences are all that matter, instead it says that the moral worth of an action depends only on its intentions

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17
Q

Animal rights

A

-Is a philosophy of the standing of animals in relation to human society
-Does not support the use of animals if it does benefit for both animals and humans

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18
Q

Animal welfare

A

-Concerned with the well-being and care of an animal while providing care for human needs
-Supports the use of animal care if done so in a healthy perspective way

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19
Q

Genome

A

All of the genetic material in an organism

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20
Q

Allele

A

Various forms of a given gene

21
Q

Gene

A

Smaller segments of DNA, within the large molecules

22
Q

Forages

A

-Tend to have high protein and energy with low fiber
-Quality of forage depends on when it was harvested
-High moisture forages are pasture
-Dried forages are hay
-Silages can also be forages

23
Q

Roughages

A

-Feeds with high fiber content, low digestibility, and low weight per unit volume
-Typically, straw as well as grass and legumes that have a greater fiber content

24
Q

Concentrates

A

-Concentrated source of energy and protein
-Energy concentrates include brewery byproducts, cereal grains, animal and veggie fats, beet pulp, fruits, bakery waste
-Protein concentrates include seeds, oilseed meals, animals/poultry byproducts, non-protein nitrogen, dried distillers/brewers’ grains

25
Q

Growth

A

-Process of increasing in size (need to be able to grow bone, muscle, fat)
-Essential for animal health
-Basis for production animal operations
-Animals nutrients affect ability to grow properly

26
Q

What are the building blocks for growth?

A

-Protein
-Energy
-Hormones (fats and carbs)
-Genetics

27
Q

Scrapie

A

-Causes neurological disorders in sheep
-Infective agent: prion
Transmission: contact with “birth fluid”

28
Q

Bloat

A

-Excessive accumulation of gas within the rumen
-If not relieved, it can become very severe, can cause compression of the heart and lungs and lead to death
-Cause: changes in diet/feed the animal is on as well as structural abnormalities

29
Q

Estrous cycle length

A

Sheep:17 days
Goat:21 days
Cow: 21 days

30
Q

Gestation period

A

Sheep and goat: 150 days
Cow: 283 days

31
Q

Normal body temp

A

Sheep:100.9-103.8 degrees F
Goats:101.3-103.5 degrees F
Cow:101.5 degrees F (can range from 98-102.4 degrees F)

32
Q

Importer and exporters of lamb

A

-China is the largest importer

33
Q

Artificial selection

A

When humans have control in the breeding process

34
Q

Natural selection

A

When animals can breed when they want with no human interference

35
Q

How can we use genetics to select for certain desirable production traits?

A

Animal breeding is the application of genetic principles to improve the efficiency of production of farm animals

36
Q

The lactation length of goats

A

284 days

37
Q

When do goat and sheep go into heat?

A

During the fall and they are short day breeders

38
Q

When do cattle come into heat?

A

All year around

39
Q

What is the most popular breed of beef cattle in the US?

A

Black Angus

40
Q

Bos taurus

A

Found more in Europe

41
Q

Bos indicus

A

Found more near India, warmer weather year around

42
Q

Scours

A

-Calf diarrhea
-Causes: infectious agents (bacteria, viruses and protozoa, as well as noninfectious causes)

43
Q

Five freedoms

A

-Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition
-Freedom from discomfort
-Freedom from pain, injury and disease
-Freedom from fear and distress
-Freedom to express normal behavior

44
Q

Important health preventions cattle

A

-Maintaining a healthy herd
-Adequate nutrition
-Good sanitation
-Vaccinations
-Parasite control

45
Q

Products produced

A

-Meat
-Milk
-Fiber
-Leather, blankets. etc.

46
Q

Breed of goat that produces the most milk

A

Saanen

47
Q

Breed of goat that has most protein and fat in milk

A

Nigerian dwarf

48
Q

How to tell a sheep’s age without birthdate

A

-Teeth

49
Q

How to measure stress in animals

A

Measuring blood

AVS 101 (2 decks)

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