Exam 1 Flashcards
(39 cards)
According to the definitions of stress, identify the components of which stress is comprised.
o A stressor or some demand, pressure, situation or event
o Our perception of that stressor
o An emotional reaction
o A psychological reaction
Describe the two types of stress.
Eustress and Distress
Describe the Yerkes-Dodson Principle.
Too little stress as well as too much stress, is unhealthy
Describe the two types of distress.
Public speaking, abusive relationship
Describe the types of stressors.
o Physiological stressor: illness, injury, etc.
o Sociological stressor: relationship with others
o Psychological stressor: subconscious perception of yourself
o Philosophical stressor: stems from not living with your values/beliefs
Identify causes of stress and sources of stress by sex.
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Define each of the dimensions of health.
o Physiological– Ability to perform normal activities of daily living
o Social – ability to have satisfying relationship with others. How well you relate to others?
o Emotional – Ability to feel and express emotions but in an appropriate and controlled manner. Feel from extreme happiness to extreme sadness
o Intellectual – Ability to have an open mind and learn new things.
o Spiritual – extent to which you have meaning a purpose & direction in life.
o Environmental – External factors that affect the preceding dimensions. Factors affecting our physical health.
o Occupational – all dimension but pertain as they pertain to an occupational setting. Hours at work?
o Holistic
Describe how stress and health are related.
o They have a negative/inverse relationship. When stress is high, some components of health are low or vice versa
o Better health = better management of stressors
o Quality of each dimension of health may perpetuate and exacerbate a stressful life or contribute to a peaceful life
Identify results from NCHA regarding stress as it’s related to general health, BMI, and smoking.
o Stress in academic performance – poor grade, incomplete, dropping of the class
o BMI: obese people with BMI greater than 30 and underweight with a BMI less than 18.5 create are both physically unhealthy and related to stress create an impediment for academic performance
• Obese people (high BMI) were most stressed
• Under them, underweight students
o Smoking: Daily smokers are most affected to stress and non smokers are least affected
Be familiar with the stats provided pertaining to the prevalence of stress among Americans.
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Describe how Americans’ stress level compares to that of other countries.
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Identify the 5 most stressed states and the 5 least stressed states.
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Briefly describe results from NCHA regarding ethnicity and gender.
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Briefly describe differences in the way males and females handle stress.
Females handle stress better in high risk behaviors as a way of coping with stress
Describe Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and how his theory relates to stress.
o We behave and are motivated by our needs
o Triangle from top to bottom: self realization, self esteem, social desire, safety and stability, physiological desire
o Largest and lowest levels of stress at the bottom of triangle
o Largest and lowest levels of needs would create the greatest amount of stress if those needs aren’t met.
o “The degree to which we feel stressed may be proportionate to the extent to which the need is unfulfilled”
o Phenomenon that humans have certain needs
Identify the components of the ABCs of Human Needs.
o A= Accomplishment
• Need to feel that one accomplished something
o B = Belonging
• Sense of belonging and acceptance; sexually and non sexually
• Eg. Gang members
o C= Comfort
• The need to feel physically comfortable
• Low tolerance = more stress
o D = dependability
• Need to feel that one could depend or rely another person
• Eg. Not trustworthy = constant fear
o E = esteem
• Need to be accepted and valued ny others and feel good about yourself
• Eg. Status recognition fame etc.
o F= finances
• Need to feel that one is financially secure
• Eg having money but no materials; anxiety
Identify the pioneers of stress and with what they are credited.
o Walter Cannon
• American professor of physiology at Harvard Med school
• Developed concept of homeostasis
• Credited for coining term fight or flight
o Edmund Jacobson
• American Phisician
• Founder of relaxation technique called progressive muscle relaxation
• Founder of biofeedback
• Psychosomatic medicine – proved connection between excessive muscular tension and different disorders
o Hans Selye
• Endocrinologist
• Conceptualized eustress as positive stress and distress as negative stress
• Specify changes in physiology during fight or flight
• Conceptualized General adaptation syndrome
o Thomas Holme
• Psychiatrist
• Major life changes would experience illness
• Developed social readjustment rating scale or holmes rate scale
o Richard Lazarus
• Psychologist and professor at UC berkley
• Focused on emotion and though
• Stress less to do with Actual vs perceived situation
o Anita DeLongis
• Common hassles affect both physical and emotional health
o Richard Rahe
• Psychiatrist and consultant for military personnel
• Examines balance in persons life between recent stress load and current coping abilities
• Cofounder of Holmes rate scale
Describe the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.
o “Life changes scale”
o Predict relative chances of getting sick from stressors
Identify the number of workers who experience high levels of stress.
9 out of 10
Identify the number of workers who said job stress lowered their productivity and caused frequent ailments.
7 out of 10
Identify how many workers have taken a mental health day off of work due to stress.
1 in 4
Identify differences in health care costs associated with workers who report that they are stressed compared to those that aren’t stressed.
Stressed people accrue health costs 46% higher than the normal people
Describe psychophysiology and psychoneuroimmunology.
o Psychophysiology reactions- the mind/body connection, psycho: mind or consciousness, physiology: body- how the mind affects the body
o Psychoneuroimmunology- is more specific and refers to the study of the interaction of your consciousness (psycho), your brain and central nervous system (neuro), and your ability to fight disease (immunology) : so it is the study of how your mind affects your body, specifically the immune system
Describe what happens in the brain during the stress response.
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