Exam 1

Question 1

What is the process of perception and sensation?

Answer 1

1.) Stimulus
2.) light is reflected and focused
3.) receptor process
4.) neural process
5.) perception <–> 6.) Recognition
7.) action (goes back to 1)

Question 2

principle of transformation

Answer 2

objects in the environment change to our perception (the object isn’t in “us”) we transform the information

Question 3

principle of representation

Answer 3

experiences represented by perception

Question 4

what is an execpetion to the principle of transformation and representation?

Answer 4

smell and taste

Question 5

transduction

Answer 5

energy transformed into brain signals

Question 6

bottom-up processing

Answer 6

stimulus driven

Question 7

top-down processing

Answer 7

using previous knowledge that shapes your perception

Question 8

What is webers law about?

Answer 8

K value remains the same as stimulus intensity changes

Question 9

absolute threshold

Answer 9

limits of human perception to measure

Question 10

method of limits

Answer 10

start way above and bring it down slowly (High or lower)
typically yes or no

Question 11

what is the cross over point in method of limits

Answer 11

change from saying yes to no

Question 12

method of adjustment

Answer 12

participant controls (knob/dial)
fast

Question 13

method of constant stimuli

Answer 13

random stimuli in random order
more accurate
comparison stimuli

Question 14

Steven’s law

Answer 14

perception of stimuli

Question 15

why do illusory cell phone vibrations occur?

Answer 15

our brain anticipates the vibration which lowers the threshold

Question 16

what happens when an action potential reaches the end of an axon?

Answer 16

Calcium channels open and then release the NTs into the synapse that activates the next neuron

Question 17

how are action potentials decided ?

Answer 17

more epsp than ipsp

Question 18

photopic vision

Answer 18

high acuity
low sensitivity
color vision (6 million cones -red, blue green)

Question 19

scooping vision

Answer 19

rod mediated (20 million rods)
Nighy vision
low acuity
high sensitivity
no color

Question 20

The path of light entering the eye

Answer 20

Cornea —> pupil/iris —> lens/ciliary muscle —> sclera—> retina —> fovea—-> blind spot/optic nerve

Question 21

Retina process with light going through

Answer 21

ganglion cells —> amacrine cells —> bipolar cells —> horizontal cells —> receptors (rods & cones) back of the eye

Question 22

what area of the eye only has cones?

Answer 22

the fovea (used for focuse power)

Question 23

distributed vs modular brain processes

Answer 23

distributed: lots of different brain areas are responsible
modular: one spot primarily responsible

Question 24

Nervous system process

Answer 24

nervous system –> peripheral–> somatic (two options) afferent or efferent

Question 25

afferent vs efferent

Answer 25

A: towards the brain (sensory)
E: exiting the brain (motor signals)

Question 26

advantages of myelination

Answer 26

allows faster conductions
space-efficient
energy-efficient
No Na(+)/K(+) pump needed

Question 27

two gated channels

Answer 27

voltage-gated (charge change)
ligand-gated (chemical - open by NTs)